Journey from the good - my academic career
Fuzhou University School of Law Dean Chen Quansheng
classic ; the poem. When the first flag of the city of Quanzhou, I will be born in this evergreen, picturesque place, so for my parents to take Dubbed the life and forged a bond with this name, so that an adult take for myself after the word br> Mencius said, , benefits all things and not fight. Can be seen in the eyes of the ancient sage, white water is pure soft incarnation of goodness. In this autumn of life, looking back his academic career, and his name appears consistent hh dark so I called the talks nature, they can not have been beneficial. Township taste of the ups and downs of life, suffering from inconstancy of human well-being. upside down unrest in that Simon was lost in the age before, in this materialistic worlds has also been wandering off, but look for the Pure Land, the heart of longing for perfection like rivers eventually to the Sea, after all, the nature of For Guizhen, my journey though the glory of life, after all, Zeshanercong and tireless Else.
I was born in laws family, lived for generations known as the known as Putian City. There has always been eager to learn reading the wind, Putian depicts the studious of the wind. had ancestral Department of Qing Dynasty was Putian wit, once admitted to the Beijing Qing excellence to Law School, graduated from Tsinghua University, he served as the Boxer Indemnity Fund Trustee Director since 1916 as consul in Incheon, Korea , Consul General in Seoul after the transfer, his years as Ministry of Justice compiled Kuomintang. father graduated from a university in Shanghai law, as a patriotic young Chinese Communist Party and the new intellectuals, he was the rumble of guns in the liberation of the country joined the Corps in the south, army came to Fujian, Jinjiang District in Quanzhou Intermediate People's Court as a judge. I hour he joined his father lived in a dormitory in the court time. it represents the sacred courts of equity and justice, is my school every day school to pass. may be small monasteries in the mind of the young has planted the seeds of longing for the sacred law.
but compared to their peers, my childhood was not happy. Although the parents are still alive But childhood is not taken good care of parents and caregivers of their loved ones, living a tuberculosis, his father handling the case because of the countryside often had to reluctantly part, to send me to nursery. During holidays and the children picked up by their parents, nursery just leave me alone, lonely Lingding. primary school, I was finally able to lived together with his father, but did not last long, mettle honest father, because of the injustice of life with the difficult matter of the intent of the leadership will simply blown to wear banished to the north Fujian as a poultry farm relied upon by Fu Xi, the underlying evil Fu Xi. a proposition. seems a fragile grass, extremely rich in tenacity. At the same time, this life of wandering around, but also broaden my horizons, so that young age I have to face their own life, in the face around the world, in order to cultivate my ability to live independently strong. More importantly, it exercises my independent thinking and analytical ability, which for my benefit future academic career.
third grade, hi every mother got better, mother and daughter finally reunited, but caught in a go to school, eat sweet potato vines and leather food (pigs of feed), I have gotten a long-term malnutrition, better learning environment, every day after school started for the mother unit of the library to run, read a book after another even thicker than bricks and foreign classics, from forged a bond with the book.
and childhood compared to my youth may be more unfortunate. read junior high school, just with that field in unprecedented political disaster quitting. when the meet the political problems because of his father, both when not on the Therefore, when many students keen to play school fight, and therefore lost his life, residue of the disease, but I stay away from small masters. afraid. then it is read very few books. whatever he could find books, magazines, even packages of food paper bag, I have to break it down fill. Perhaps it is this special training, so I'm wide range of interests , addicted to books such as life, is also a wider range of knowledge.
Simon upside down in it, grays crazy era, I am most puzzled as to why people want to fight like a black eye like a very tough chicken?! time I was in a worldly, muddle their youth, from childhood to accept the superiority of the socialist countries are on education, little is known about the dark side of society, or even unreasonable. suddenly faced with a sudden in my brain are taught all May say, talking about every day, the old Cultural Revolution , and then turn a white-haired old woman hanging in the trees, and their own belt body to lash out to her hard in order to express their revolutionary. I see no such horrors, suffered a shock, continuous high fever for three days three nights only come to life. I am very confused: Is killing one another, and between people in addition to fighting there is no alternative to it?! However, Simon was reversed in the years ahead, feel insecure, silent, people and between the loss of basic trust, but also how to talk about their confidence, parents and teachers to see their young and inexperienced, are afraid to let me know the truth.
finally coming to When fighting, but caught up with the for, sunset and interest rates, the face of black life, educated youth back into the air. My life was very difficult, the first year of relying on government supplies of 9 dollars per month cost of living to live, after years of relying on the second day labor earn work points worth about 6 cents to live, after buying rice, oil, salt, remaining the same, to the salt with rice are commonplace. And call it a day every day in the ultra-physical labor, local farmers have put that ready-made meal, we also have to go to firewood, fetching water, cooking, has been busy until late at night to lie down.
summer harvest of summer annual species, get up, hurry after breakfast, we drive the Shiji Li mountain, grab the sun began to bow down before cutting or planting rice. head of a flaming sun, sweat to work until noon, one, two o'clock to eat lunch. sometimes bring the water to drink dry, thirsty voice straight smoke, desperation, had leaned over, lifted the drink to the fields of mud. Once, after drinking a look back, not far from have a lot of plowing oxen pull the feces, nausea was I could not eat for several days.
However, there is in this arduous environment, weak bones and muscles through the vast world of tempered, I can not from the shoulder Tiaoshou not mention the city only daughter, into walking miles to pick pounds of rice mountain countryside earth girl. Although the bones endless toil, but also created a character I'm tough. More importantly, gives me total Chinese population most, but most poor farmers in the living conditions of knowledge have empathy and understanding. This is not only dedicated to the poor for my future career of hard research has laid a spiritual foundation, but also for my future, lotus world ecological damage. I jump the queue subtropical mountainous western Fujian, where not only the low-latitude location, vast area of land, water, rich in geothermal resources, is very conducive to the growth of crops and economic trees, and diverse natural landscape, rich in biological resources in agriculture . However, the one-sided emphasis on five degrees in the slope of the steep slope above four ground wasteland to grow grain. so people injured workers a lot of influence as the cause of life.
finally in re-education by poor peasants have a job after returning to the city, most of the same age companions are busy falling in love, get married to find the object. I was the See college recruit workers, peasants and students, also . but I still climb courageously tenacity. whether it is hot heat, or cold winter, I have always disclosed the mountains in the book spines Jing cut.
self after two years I finally complete the Ministry of high school curriculum, full of confidence land went to the examination room, the test scores was announced, my grades ranked first, I thought this time to win, finally got his wish, you can circle my out of a Dream. people put to death, can also be lethal and then students. my childhood and youth, is spending a lot of frustrations and setbacks. frustration Zeng, although I'd rather die, but the bitter experience, it sparked my determination unwilling to sink and courage.
Fortunately, a decade-long nightmare of the page. people began to reflect on it with blood and the life of the painful lessons of profound understanding, kindness and love between people, is the civilization of human society for thousands of years the crystallization of human nature is different from other animals. obtained from human beauty in the recovery and highlight, so full of love songs all over the world Jiuzhou earth. I gradually figured out the .
the college entrance examination system recovery, extinguished the fire of hope that I have a chance to Fuzhou University, Department of Foreign Languages was admitted, and then had the honor graduate in those days into the unit is worthy of envy - Fujian Foreign Economic Law Office, I have admired for a long time in the legal profession . However, the lack of legal knowledge, so I worked up quite difficult, so I carried away from the university to self-knowledge of the legal profession.
they say, people over thirty do not schools, and in the law firm, I has over thirty years, and first-time mothers. outlay of my children and family a lot of time and effort, but I still PubMed near two months, I only sleep three or four hours. morning rush after work will lunch in the cafeteria to review the lessons buried. In the afternoon rush to get home after work, good home cooking, the two After year-old child Hongshui, and from the warm Hu Hu drilled in bed, sitting chilly shabby homes, the desk study hard Yingkao until midnight. fingers are often cold can not hold pen, in the face the temptation to bed nice and warm, not so much that is in the review Ying Kao, rather it is engaged in a contest of endurance and inert.
Hard work pays off, I finally caught up with thirty five years old the last train, admitted to leading political and legal institutions was domestic - Southwestern Law School (now renamed the Southwest University of Political Science) graduate student (at the time policies and regulations for the thirty five years of study section below). received the acceptance letter, I hi tempting, but go to school, they can not help but surprise, a classmate friends are mostly young young man fresh out of college, I suddenly became a graduate student in the My teenage high school, no time to waste. I was only upset of the power of shame as the driving force change, the people watching TV, dancing, chitchatting all the time on the stylistic models used in the quest for knowledge. my heart is very clear, people can take the luxury of time, I was not, I account overdraft too much time, and now only very Xingjian to spending time. Ever since, I headlong Xuehai, desperately sucking the milk of knowledge.
blend of Southwestern Law School is a teacher, experts gathered in the , the academic atmosphere was intense. in the halls of this sacred legal academic, I feast of constant amazing: professors lecture styles, or eloquent, or persuasive, so I appreciate the breadth of legal disciplines; scholars work scene of splendor, or the Stanford Hong addition to, or penetrating, the legal subjects that I feel deep. Although I was learning procedural professional, but as long as there is time, other professionals, such as jurisprudence, civil law, economic law, international law , criminal law and other graduate courses, I strive to listen, its academic lectures are a must every field. Not only that, I was the school library opening hours the highest rate of students. I not only make your library card has been in a laid a solid legal foundation for my future sustainable development of the legal system are engaged in research paved the way. As a new law, sustainable development law legal system is the result of the development of various departments, constitutional, environmental law, administrative law, civil law, criminal law , Litigation, Technology Law, international law and other aspects of sustainable development in the expansion of the construction of sustainable development provides the appropriate legal basis and conditions. can be said that students learn during his career made me a lifetime benefit.
natural and learning gains compared to the period in the Southwest Law School made me gain spiritual unforgettable, unforgettable! here I felt a valuable true feelings. Although alumni of the university just as Mr. Liang Zhiping, as with emotion: , to Chongqing City to squeeze more than two hours of the bus, dinner, bottle of water was playing down the mountain (not suitable for mountain biking is located), fever and even had to go to the hospital an hour prescription. However, from the first day of school, I feel the teachers to keep their deep affection for our students. This is not reflected in the rhetoric on the affective, not Albert, on the performance of the shaking, but by a little pile reflecting the little things. Our teacher Wang Hongjun, Sun Jie ice each student teacher to be our own parents as children, caring, attentive to us. For example, relatively scarce material in that era, during weekends or holidays always the teacher invited us on his (her) house and give everything they served us; of us if people get sick the next class, the teacher will personally make delicious pasta or cooking, watching students eat before they put the sick; we graduated, the teacher took hosted a farewell We modest salary; hh, sort, list goes on. Here I am to experience his life except for the first time people outside the true feelings parents, teachers feel the Western political sincerity, selflessness, kindness, equality, character, from the He (she) had knowledge of who I not only learned, but more importantly, I learned how to behave, how to do things, how to treat people, this guide me along the direction of the good to continue my journey of life.
II 1989 I graduate school, what next? another fork in the road of life lie in front of me. was very popular jurisprudence, law graduate is lucky. friends and family have for me to find a job, or into the provincial authorities to seek a positions, lay the foundation for future career advanced; or big companies on a monthly salary of quite good as the white-collar workers. I intend to own, I think the best is not the best choice, but only the most suitable is the best choice. My specialty is analytical, diligent in thinking, theoretical thinking is stronger, more suitable for academic research, therefore, although there are a few more than the original work unit is the envy of a good job waiting for me, I chose research institutions - Fujian Academy of Social Sciences. This is quite confusing to everyone, but my heart is very aware in this society, no money power is totally unacceptable, but money is not the omnipotent power. More importantly, relative to the official scientific research institutions and shopping malls are more pure, it's paradise I'm searching for the dark phase fit.
However, the contrast between ideal and reality are sometimes very large. I just joined a taste of scientific research institutions engaged in research work in poor and helpless. here working and living conditions, with my law firm has a world of difference between the original unit. very poor working conditions, less than ten square meters eighty-nine people squeezed into the office, a combination of two or three office tables, the use of computers is expected to not engage in scientific research and the dream. and research funding is very scarce, in the subject research is often inadequate. would like to participate in some national academic conferences to keep abreast of the latest academic trends of the discipline, but unfortunately the bag shy and difficult to make the trip. life is shabby, a family of three airtight dwelling in a hut ten square meters of low, wet, dark living conditions cause young age my daughter will suffer from arthritis, vision also dropped sharply. In summer, the three furnaces in the country known as one of the Fuzhou City, temperatures as high as 42 ℃, because can not afford air conditioning, hot and intolerable, and often stayed up all night. combined with medical treatment and kindergarten for children not to spend less, the days have borne Baba. Some of my colleagues will be transferred to the poor have lost that I had worked in law firms, only one year effort to complete All modern.
face these circumstances, I hesitated a moment: it is necessary here through? After a trade-off, I decided to stick to their posts. here though poor, but here are suitable for my career development of the Pure Land. economy base is important, but it is not all life; I not pursue material things, but rich in spirit; focus on academic research is constantly seeking to achieve their life values. determined to make up, I would politely I hired a law firm, declined to part-time lawyer for the huge salaries, absorbed in a soft spot in my research work from.
, however, engage in scientific research and the determination and enthusiasm alone is not enough. the choice of research to crucial. At that time many people have chosen the popular economy-related disciplines, such as economic law, civil and commercial law, real estate law as a research direction. I once again bucking the trend, choose the domestic law at the time few people interested in popular circles environmental law as a research subject. my mind very clear, of course, select those popular subjects compared fitters, but you will never catch up with domestic or international advanced level. because the starting point for these subjects to others than you, you can only follow the behind the footsteps of others, the only other people lead. Moreover, the total turn around the hot spots, what heat of anything, although to be versatile, but skimming over the surface, do superficial, trendy catch a few times, and finally hard for you. I saw the Chinese economy Although in the take-off stage, but to a certain degree of economic development, environmental protection if not keep up, and bound as a constraint to economic and social development of the important factors. Yiyin the whole world had to face the ecological crisis is forcing people to the relationship between man and nature, all signs that the world is in the environment on the eve of the revolution, the 21st century will be the century of the environment. At this time, the immediate and emerging educated youth to jump the queue by that year experienced the ravages of looting of the natural environment and subjected to retaliation of nature scenes. This is more firmly my determination. Therefore, I decided to locate the main direction of research in the environmental legal system.
can be said, is the environment for human survival and development of the depth of suffering led me to choose this direction. as a academics, dared the world. Do not you see the Yellow River water to the sky, and now can not stop the sea; Do not you see the acid rain air death, frequently visited five continents; Do not you see the greenhouse effect more prominent, often raging into disaster; Do not you see green screen of the forest, left little mad by now; Do not you see thousands of species extinction tragedy, interdependent and no partner; you ever noticed that the frequency of ecological tragedy staged planet bear see. Nature is a hundred times its crazy, do whatever they want punishment of the human , pushed to the survival of the human situation. Looking really worried about the global ecological environment Cross! do not treat human nature, and the global village residents (other living species population) live in harmony, then the human species with other species of life is die.
but , although the main direction of selection, but difficult. not only environmental law subjects at the time the country is still popular, and I'm located in the southeast corner of the lack of data, information shield plug, just like in the desert carry out scientific research, look around are vast I do not know where to start. Fortunately, I have come in handy at this time in foreign languages, through access to foreign information, my country have a general understanding of environmental law and environmental law with an in-depth comparison of China, pursuant to point out that China's environmental legal system gains and losses and improvement of methods, completed my first research results of 1992 and Environmental Law, published papers, that I on the right track. From then on I got out of hand, the entire being into this new field after another in the relevant research published in academic journals.
in my path , many experts strangers gave me great support. And it is the selfless help gurus, will I hold; colleagues are enthusiastic encouragement, pushing me forward. I would first like to thank the family of well-known environmental law, PhD supervisor Professor Cai Shouqiu Wuhan University, when he and I never met before, but in November 1995 warmly invited me to participate in praise, University of Sydney, Australia Environmental Law Centre (Director, Australian Centre for Environmental Law) Bernhardt. William. Bor (Bernhard Willem Boer) Special letter to Professor: I sent it to copy the delegates participated in the symposium. There is no doubt, for most participants started their papers are helpful. international environmental law on the most recent academic trends, so I am doing more cutting-edge research of environmental law theory.
I would also like to thank our distinguished scholars of civil law, their study of environmental law over the years written into the academic experience of Law Press, published the same year.
I want to thank our well-known environmental lawyers, Chinese Academy of Social doctoral supervisor Professor Ma Xiangcong, when he and I have not met in the case, for my book, called my paper and encouragement.
popular legal circles after the publication of my book concern, known as ; [5] [5] and Fujian Province in 2000 was the fourth Social Science Excellent Achievement Award.
In addition, there are many experts and scholars across the country or encourage, or learn from your letter, particularly in the Xiamen University Law College Professor Li Qi is most valuable. he and I never met before, but a special trip to Yung, and exchange ideas with me for a long time. He affirmed on the basis of my book, that the forward-looking outlook of my book is not enough, not the rule of law in the 21st century to explore, I hope I can sustainable development perspective, the background of knowledge economy, the 21st century method of making in-depth research. back to Xiamen, he in turn my book as a law graduate of Xiamen required materials specified, and graduate students are the feelings and experiences of my book I sent for further study of reference. the face of so many teachers care about my colleagues to support my buddy, I was deeply moved. They, like me, all of human existence and development of harbor environment the depth of grief. under their encouragement, in 1999 I designed the allowed after the project.
of times the subject is rather meaningless, as the meaning of the Industrial Revolution as a major environmental revolution, the birth of sustainable development is gradually becoming the guidance of States economic and social development of the overall strategy. Many countries have to develop national policies for sustainable development as the guiding ideology of the law, and thus opened the Revolution and the scholars are in the same starting line, trying to build a scientific and sustainable development of sound legal system. China's national conditions, China must follow the path of sustainable development, but our current legal system is basically in the traditional development model built on , and a large gap between the requirements of sustainable development.
view of this, the subject focused on the emergence of a 21st century world aimed at changing the existing production patterns and lifestyles of human sustainable development context of social change movements legal changes. The starting point of sustainable development, the traditional human-based contemporary legal thought, legal concepts, legal values, to reflect the legal center of gravity, etc., put forward a new legal thinking consistent with sustainable development - ecological doctrine, legal concepts - Ecology Standard, legal value orientation - and the contemporary and future generations of man and nature, the law center of gravity - such as the right to safeguard the environment for the comprehensive environmental protection and social and economic activities together organically, in accordance with ecological sustainability, sustained economic and social sustainability of the basic principles to organize and regulate all human activities for global sustainable development theory of social change movements to be fully prepared for our overall strategy of sustainable development put forward practical solutions.
as This is a new field, the current national experts and scholars are as hard on its exploration and research, can learn from the information is very scarce, this, to complete the formation of a scientific and sustainable development of the legal system, the need to make quite a high degree of innovative and forward-looking theory. Moreover, the subjects studied under a wide, natural science and social science involving many disciplines such as ecology, environmental science, philosophy, ethics, economics, anthropology, sociology, law, etc. are all; far as jurisprudence is concerned, also touched on the Constitution, environmental law, administrative law, civil law, criminal law, procedural law, technology law, international environmental law and other sectoral laws. This requires skillful control the ability of the large and deep subject knowledge theoretical knowledge. In addition, traditional legal research methods they use a method of legal research note that the existing legal concepts, legal provisions and interpretations of annotation, and the subject of research methods is an innovative research method, that is, beyond the traditional law the concept of law instead of focusing on a new path, from the actual needs of social development, innovation and the legal system adapted to the demands of the times. by ...
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
Max Weber's social philosophy
Max Weber's social philosophy
one's life
Weber Max Weber was born in Thuringia in 1864, the city of Erfurt, longer than Berlin. His father was a jurist and municipal councilors, the mother Calvinism is a devout believer. Weber's home in Berlin is the upper bourgeoisie, in their circle of contacts there are many prominent intellectuals and politicians, its include Dilthey, Monson, Schmidt, Shu Bell.
Weber sick teenager, but the days of intellectual intelligent, intellectual precocity. high school that read, literature, history, philosophy, economy and other fields have a strong interest in sociological research for his future lay in a good foundation. Weber, 18 years into the University of Heidelberg to study law, completing a PhD thesis in 1889 Troy Welch and religious historians and philosophers of the past closely Rickert. Since then, Weber suffering from mental illness, which lasted five years until 1903 before start of academic writing activities. This is the period after the intelligence Weber the most active period, he completed and published his major sociological work, which includes the famous:
Weber thought rooted in German tradition of Humanism. concern is his subjective motivation and the intrinsic link between the social system, from a philosophical point of view, not in some sort of rational explanation of human nature or human values, but based on the social system. It consists of two aspects of meaning: first, to describe people from the social system, values, belong to the scope of cultural philosophy. Weber's core concept is reasonable. rationality of an individual value orientation provides a common reference for the establishment of a social system of social activities and provides a logical basis of science. Second, starting from the interpretation of individual action and social structure changes, is a sociological category. Philosophy of Wei Bosi want to focus on his research methodology and the sociology of human behavior carried out by the interpretation.
Second, explore the path of social and cultural problems of social problems
Weber, the starting point is the individual's action, he said that the community science is a social action in order to understand the impact of its processes and causal explanation of the science. of Sociology, the individuals and their actions are the basic unit of society, is a meaningful act of the upper and the sole carrier. this understanding Dilthey and others no doubt the spirit advocated by the scientific methodology, and the people - society - the reality is different from the historical reality of nature, it is the individual's subjective actions of the people. In contrast, groups, organizations are many result of interaction between individuals, does not have ultimate significance. At this point, Weber with the impact of positivism by the French sociologist Durkheim distinguished here. in accordance with the views of Durkheim, society is an independent the individual above and beyond the objective reality of the individual. This view represents an understanding of the community may be called social realism; Weber represents the understanding of another society, you can call Social nominalism.
because social action is always the individual's subjective, and therefore it can not be set to move the research to empirical methods of natural science. Weber focuses on understanding the correct grasp of the meaning of social action, understanding is the realization, input It is a way to explain the theory emphasizes, it is thought to be our only way into the social reality. Thus, also known as Weber's sociology of understanding and sociology. understand always include the individual's subjective participants are researchers, so that On the one hand to prevent prejudice, but on the other hand the value of intervention may also be hampered because of the objectivity of research. Thus, Weber focuses on understanding the value of neutrality, while also stressed. value neutrality is a basic humanities and social sciences standards.
Weber, a prominent sociological research method is his ideal type analysis. The so-called ideal type, that is, theoretical models, it is built on the basis of experience, but different from the simple experience. the ideal type as a yardstick to measure and evaluation of empirical fact, is a basic method of sociological research. Weber as distinct from empirical sociology, but also beyond any speculation on the social imaginary or a priori.
three types of social action
to understand social action, social action must be assumed with some sort of intelligibility, it is our individual actions from the Queensland community and subjectivity and objectivity of the agency toward universality. This is the actor's feelings, thoughts and motivation. a universal understanding in the group's feelings and thoughts can be said to be objective, its hidden behind the cultural values and practical considerations. Weber be expressed using the concept of reasonableness. It is We evaluate the subjective and objective provides a reference behavior. In contrast, if the subjective experience of an action is incomprehensible, it is unreasonable action. so, Weber will be divided into social action and non-rational action reasonable action.
1. rationality is an important concept in Weber's sociology. It shows a conscious action by the degree. decided to act, there are two factors: the purpose and means, and thus also includes thoughtful action Reflections on the tools and instruments. every person is always faced with many possibilities, and thus face many purposes. but he must choose one of the many purposes, this choice is related to rational thinking. fish, my objectives; eat, but also my objectives. choose which it will choose to eat normally, eat more delicious because of higher nutritional value. This is a rational consideration. Second is the means to an end and the means of choice. This includes the study of reality possible, favorable and unfavorable conditions for thinking, as well as trade-offs of different courses of action comparison and so on. When the operation is complete, for the purpose of achieving an objective to determine the extent of . Weber termed this a reasonable action for the purpose of rationality (Zweckrationalitat). Objective reasonableness is a personal choice to explain and illustrate the purpose of action. academic rationality widely translated tool is inaccurate.
Tools rational action, rational action subordinate to an end system, that individual's social action is always from one purpose to another purpose. If we come tonight philosophy lectures is to provide literacy and improve the quality philosophy is to the future work better and work better in order to succeed or else, and so on. In an action to contain the actors behind the always consciously or unconsciously, all the considerations. However, the rationality of action in the tool, not a final purpose. All are intended to the means or way other purposes.
another reasonable value as the rationality of Weber (Wertrationalitat). and tools rationality, value rationality found some absolute objective It is the object of faith rather than the object of rational choice. the ultimate value is unreasonable, it can not be objective people to think and choose; only means of rational thinking is the object. So a reasonable value of the actual value is explained by the belief action or action to give reasonable.
Weber called mainly for the value of rationality in terms of religious action. the value of rational action to lead to a corresponding social structure, its social transformation from the traditional to the modern role in the process and different manifestations of culture, which is an important issue of concern to Weber's sociology. In Weber, all the achievements of modern civilization are derived from the value and problems of rationality and reasonableness of the tension between the tool and the opposition. rationalism of modern European civilization is the product of rational behavior only in the manner and under the control of thinking will only produce math and science, will produce reasonable legal, social, administrative systems and social forms of work organization. But Weber only the rationalist in the performance of the social life as the formal aspects of rationalism; in his view, the development of rationalism in which there are still a reasonable value, that is the purpose of reasonable action that allows subordinate to the values and ideals. Therefore, he also said that the value of rationality as a substantive rationality.
2. unreasonable actions include both traditional mobile and emotional action. They are considered unreasonable reason, is Because these actions are without thought and reflection. traditional action refers to actions undertaken by the habit, such as a personal habit of behavior, action by the impact of traditional culture, and so on. complacent, rigid, are traditional action. each political reform reform movement will be met with obstacles from traditional operations, there are obviously many traditional action is unreasonable, but because it is traditional, it can agree to some of the people.
emotional action refers to a sense of domination by the emotions and actions or that the action taken on impulse. It is not without conscious consideration and reflection. It is also in the life of a large proportion. Many of the actions are unjustifiable. Some actions may seem reasonable, in fact without serious consideration. They are irrational action.
course, the above distinction between the action has only good sense. any kind of real life are not this simple action. Each action may include a variety of factors. and put in a different era or environment, for the same actions can make a different understanding. such as wandering, is that many young adolescents prone to emotional impulses. It also has a variety of reasons, the reality resentful, longing, and so far away. But these are not objective. vagrant is not a reasonable approach toward one purpose, nor has ultimate significance. Perhaps the child who is very sacred to think of it, in fact, an emotional impulse. There seclusion, only today is an emotional impulse. However, if in the Romantic era, wandering may be reasonable, for example, it may be a reliable way to art; In ancient China, it may be a hermit Queensland will seek social status and reputation of the Zhongnan shortcut.
Third, actions and cultural values
Weber are not satisfied with the experience of social action, but further action from the action deep into the impact of various cultural premise, Religion and ethics in particular. This is the main features of Weber's sociology. Weber's Institute of religion based on the principle of rationalization. religion in its long development process of how to gradually reduce its magic and superstition, have a universal social ethics, and how the impact of this ethical behavior of human experience. Weber studied Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism and other world religions, that all religions are designed to save, but their understanding of salvation and rescue different ways.
Weber on religion, the analysis examined the occurrence of the cultural differences between various religions.
1. all religions are founded on the basis of prophetic . Liyan Prophet of God on behalf of those people, who enacted the precepts and dogma, to provide for people's social behavior norms. Weber believes that there are two types of prophets: Ethics and the model of the Prophet the Prophet. ethical prophet to Buda to the people of God , as the ethics of asking people to obey. such as the Jewish prophet. which he can develop a system of religious rules to teach science, pervasive control of the secular life. and a model of the Prophet with a personal example to show others the way of religious salvation. The prophets do not speak the sacred mission and ethical responsibility, but the small man as he exhorted the people the way to seek relief. such as the Buddha. these two prophets have to break the original mystery religions and witchcraft traditions of folk religion, to improve the rational religion the nature of the degree.
Weber believes that the ethical model of the Prophet advocated by the prophets and there are different types of religion: Ethical prophet is usually the opposite with the sacred and the secular establishment of ethical commandments to guide people through the pursuit of ethical practice from the world beyond the external to the kingdom of heaven; and model of the Prophet shows one of the fantasy realm of God, with the virtue of charity and education of people. Their religious ethics based on human and secular opposition, and asking people to re-shame shame to know, the pursuit of living with God beyond the internal integration. In comparison, more Western religions and ethics of the prophets associated generally belong to the religious asceticism; Eastern religion is combined with the model of the Prophet, generally belong to the mystical religion. asceticism is the self as an instrument of God's people in accordance with the will of God, made pious actions; mysticism to see is the owner of a meditative sacred. asceticism busy in the earth in an attempt by the work of secular occupations animal instinct to control things and evil; and escape the world of mysticism is an attempt through meditation and prayer with the sacred. Judaism, Christianity, prophet by virtue of their personal charisma will be outside of God into a secular ethical system, such as Moses the Ten Commandments, climbing the Hadith, and guide people to make abstinence action. This is an intervention the world, secular life in the external action. Eastern religions is to develop a spirit of Salvation, it seeks is empty, the general public can not be achieved.
obvious WTO Confucian rationalism. rule the world, is the accession to the WTO. without a word bizarre is rationalism. but not completely, as Confucius did not deny the supernatural existence; also avoided a transcendent, not to discuss the problem of sin and salvation. this life and beyond the tension between the minimum. In Weber, the meaning of Confucianism, not so much a religion as it is ethical, ritual system and the practical The combination of experience.
2. Weber as the absolute ethical religious ethics, the ultimate characterization of the value of religion. It is to judge performance in the first one or the other, to have on the whole, or nothing. climbers Words and Gospel ethical requirements, a person must be all the saints in every matter, at least in the faith is true. the absolute value of ethics tend to have a birth. So how on earth does this ethical
applied to all ethical action orientation, can be divided into two categories: ethical responsibility ethics and beliefs. these two criteria are fundamentally opposed. belief ethical ideas, all acts of ethical values is the mood of actors, intentions, beliefs and values, it makes reason to deny the actors responsible for the consequences, but will shirk their responsibilities to God and God allows evil. responsibility for ethics is that ethical behavior of the value of a person is only the consequences of acts, actors, meaning it requires no standing nearby, to the consequences responsibility. The former is the value determined subjectively, the actors in order to maintain the purity of faith as a duty; the latter requires consideration to the potential degree of choice. as the ethical guidelines for practical action, responsibility ethics associated with this side of sexuality; interlinked with the other side of ethical beliefs. stronger ethics of responsibility, the more reasonable requirements of the purpose of fully understanding, which is a WTO ethics; belief that only God is responsible for ethics, the criteria of good and evil on the subjective beliefs, intentions , where a is the action consistent with good faith, or evil.
the different ethical behavior and the salvation of different ways to combine social action can be distinguished four types: ethics of responsibility and action combine this side of , is a tool of rationality; the ethics of responsibility and action to the other side of the combine, is a traditional action; the belief that ethics and on this side of the combination of value rationality; the belief that ethics and the other side of the combination of emotional action. It Webber Kun from the cultural point of view of social action to be interpretation.
3. Weber acknowledged that the economic life of options for action for people to have a decisive impact, but he was opposed to economic determinism, and argue that multiple determinism. Culture , in particular, a person's values and ethics, not a simple reflection of material conditions. ideas and ideals on people's behavior and social structure imposed by a limited but independent of. This is considered a powerful Marxist theory Weber amendment.
Weber is the most influential of the Protestant work ethic in a capitalist system, the process of formation and development has played a strong role in promoting. He found that both the Protestant ethic, including a reasonable way of life. Protestant emphasized self-denial hard to avoid idleness and indulgence pleasure, and the development of capitalism in order to seek to restrict spending to expand production, which Weber believes that requirements in the Protestant ethic and the capitalist mode of economic motivation for the existence of ;. Weber said was causality. when we discuss the relationship between traditional culture and modernization issues often fall into this myth when. If for Weber's view to look at the development of Chinese traditional culture model of modernization, in fact, is based on a misunderstanding of Weber's theory basis.
V. Weber
social structure does not recognize the individual action than a social fact, but that does not mean that the social structure in his sight. However, the analysis of social structure is based on the analysis of social action based on. In his view, social relations and social structure can only grasp as the possibility of social action, such as economic class, wealth is owned by a decision have the same life chances a class of people, but a legitimate social order is based on people's recognition of this order on the basis of.
1. Weber, social stratification theory is the basic theory of social organization. On this issue he basically consistent with Marx that the economy is an important basis for social stratification, social class is one that changes in the economic life of people of the same. but he believes that, in addition to economic fundamentals, but also the reputation and political status can be based on stratification. position is not a simple reflection of economic conditions, it has its own independent significance. a status group is often caused by a common values and habits, as well as with other status groups, a combination between the sense of distance. This view There is some truth. We note that some of the upstarts of conspicuous consumption is a manifestation of the pursuit of superior position. In addition, political power is a basis for stratification. It is closely linked to economic and status, but there are differences. < br> 2. authority types and forms of social organization. individual social action constitute the basic social structure of materials, from the rising level of social relations to the political economy of social order. The concept of social order, Weber analyzes the legality of economic, political and religious basis of the system. In his view, a legitimate social order not based on personal habits or the basis of self-interest, but on the social order in people's internal code of rules accepted as a valid basis, these rules are the basis of the law. Any order is established based on the structure of authority, or reflect an authoritative structure. according to the classification of social action, Weber distinguished four kinds of authority structures: traditional authority and appeal authority, legal authority, and Mixed authority.
rely on traditional authority and the sanctity of the traditional authority of the legitimate status of the implementation, which developed from family relationships. Weber distinguishes three different types of authority: the elderly rule, patriarchal and patrimonial system . feudal autocratic authority that such a form.
appeal to the authority of leaders based on charisma. gift. appeal authority is different from the traditional authority, but also different from the reasonable and legitimate authority, it is built on the basis of the cult followers. For example, some political leaders have the authority to appeal the characteristics of authority: his cleverness, he abilities virtue of his birth is not even deified, in fact, such an authority is effective at some point. Another example is the great qigong masters, but also has appeal authority. their authority more on on the basis of their power.
legitimate authority that rules enacted to comply with the formal basis of the authority. It is a non-personal way to rule. A person has the authority not from his strength of character, but often Because of his social position occupied dictates. Some people tend to sigh in Huanhaichenfu inconstancy of human relationships, during the reign of Xuan He momentum, losing ground when the doors to cold, such as Li Yuan-hung. In fact, this is a legitimate phenomenon. He lamented the reason why it is misunderstood but because his authority.
mixed authority. the authority of these three types are ideal types, in real life would not be any kind of authority that simple. In fact, the real authority is often mixed, both to establish on the basis of legality, while the rich personal charisma, but also closely linked with the tradition. In China, a successful political leaders of several factors that need to be mobilized.
3. bureaucracy. with the establishment of a large family and interpersonal relationships than on traditional forms of management, the modern bureaucracy is to develop the most effective so far, most systems, the most promising form of social organization. it reflects the advanced tools reasonable. The biggest advantage of bureaucracy is its impersonality of social relations, the operation of the system and reasonable division of labor. bureaucratic rationality lies in its focus on technical efficiency rather than of need or ultimate value. In this case, the goal of the organization, or its routine functions, will hinder the satisfaction of human needs, and thus morally, it has its irrational side.
one's life
Weber Max Weber was born in Thuringia in 1864, the city of Erfurt, longer than Berlin. His father was a jurist and municipal councilors, the mother Calvinism is a devout believer. Weber's home in Berlin is the upper bourgeoisie, in their circle of contacts there are many prominent intellectuals and politicians, its include Dilthey, Monson, Schmidt, Shu Bell.
Weber sick teenager, but the days of intellectual intelligent, intellectual precocity. high school that read, literature, history, philosophy, economy and other fields have a strong interest in sociological research for his future lay in a good foundation. Weber, 18 years into the University of Heidelberg to study law, completing a PhD thesis in 1889 Troy Welch and religious historians and philosophers of the past closely Rickert. Since then, Weber suffering from mental illness, which lasted five years until 1903 before start of academic writing activities. This is the period after the intelligence Weber the most active period, he completed and published his major sociological work, which includes the famous:
Weber thought rooted in German tradition of Humanism. concern is his subjective motivation and the intrinsic link between the social system, from a philosophical point of view, not in some sort of rational explanation of human nature or human values, but based on the social system. It consists of two aspects of meaning: first, to describe people from the social system, values, belong to the scope of cultural philosophy. Weber's core concept is reasonable. rationality of an individual value orientation provides a common reference for the establishment of a social system of social activities and provides a logical basis of science. Second, starting from the interpretation of individual action and social structure changes, is a sociological category. Philosophy of Wei Bosi want to focus on his research methodology and the sociology of human behavior carried out by the interpretation.
Second, explore the path of social and cultural problems of social problems
Weber, the starting point is the individual's action, he said that the community science is a social action in order to understand the impact of its processes and causal explanation of the science. of Sociology, the individuals and their actions are the basic unit of society, is a meaningful act of the upper and the sole carrier. this understanding Dilthey and others no doubt the spirit advocated by the scientific methodology, and the people - society - the reality is different from the historical reality of nature, it is the individual's subjective actions of the people. In contrast, groups, organizations are many result of interaction between individuals, does not have ultimate significance. At this point, Weber with the impact of positivism by the French sociologist Durkheim distinguished here. in accordance with the views of Durkheim, society is an independent the individual above and beyond the objective reality of the individual. This view represents an understanding of the community may be called social realism; Weber represents the understanding of another society, you can call Social nominalism.
because social action is always the individual's subjective, and therefore it can not be set to move the research to empirical methods of natural science. Weber focuses on understanding the correct grasp of the meaning of social action, understanding is the realization, input It is a way to explain the theory emphasizes, it is thought to be our only way into the social reality. Thus, also known as Weber's sociology of understanding and sociology. understand always include the individual's subjective participants are researchers, so that On the one hand to prevent prejudice, but on the other hand the value of intervention may also be hampered because of the objectivity of research. Thus, Weber focuses on understanding the value of neutrality, while also stressed. value neutrality is a basic humanities and social sciences standards.
Weber, a prominent sociological research method is his ideal type analysis. The so-called ideal type, that is, theoretical models, it is built on the basis of experience, but different from the simple experience. the ideal type as a yardstick to measure and evaluation of empirical fact, is a basic method of sociological research. Weber as distinct from empirical sociology, but also beyond any speculation on the social imaginary or a priori.
three types of social action
to understand social action, social action must be assumed with some sort of intelligibility, it is our individual actions from the Queensland community and subjectivity and objectivity of the agency toward universality. This is the actor's feelings, thoughts and motivation. a universal understanding in the group's feelings and thoughts can be said to be objective, its hidden behind the cultural values and practical considerations. Weber be expressed using the concept of reasonableness. It is We evaluate the subjective and objective provides a reference behavior. In contrast, if the subjective experience of an action is incomprehensible, it is unreasonable action. so, Weber will be divided into social action and non-rational action reasonable action.
1. rationality is an important concept in Weber's sociology. It shows a conscious action by the degree. decided to act, there are two factors: the purpose and means, and thus also includes thoughtful action Reflections on the tools and instruments. every person is always faced with many possibilities, and thus face many purposes. but he must choose one of the many purposes, this choice is related to rational thinking. fish, my objectives; eat, but also my objectives. choose which it will choose to eat normally, eat more delicious because of higher nutritional value. This is a rational consideration. Second is the means to an end and the means of choice. This includes the study of reality possible, favorable and unfavorable conditions for thinking, as well as trade-offs of different courses of action comparison and so on. When the operation is complete, for the purpose of achieving an objective to determine the extent of . Weber termed this a reasonable action for the purpose of rationality (Zweckrationalitat). Objective reasonableness is a personal choice to explain and illustrate the purpose of action. academic rationality widely translated tool is inaccurate.
Tools rational action, rational action subordinate to an end system, that individual's social action is always from one purpose to another purpose. If we come tonight philosophy lectures is to provide literacy and improve the quality philosophy is to the future work better and work better in order to succeed or else, and so on. In an action to contain the actors behind the always consciously or unconsciously, all the considerations. However, the rationality of action in the tool, not a final purpose. All are intended to the means or way other purposes.
another reasonable value as the rationality of Weber (Wertrationalitat). and tools rationality, value rationality found some absolute objective It is the object of faith rather than the object of rational choice. the ultimate value is unreasonable, it can not be objective people to think and choose; only means of rational thinking is the object. So a reasonable value of the actual value is explained by the belief action or action to give reasonable.
Weber called mainly for the value of rationality in terms of religious action. the value of rational action to lead to a corresponding social structure, its social transformation from the traditional to the modern role in the process and different manifestations of culture, which is an important issue of concern to Weber's sociology. In Weber, all the achievements of modern civilization are derived from the value and problems of rationality and reasonableness of the tension between the tool and the opposition. rationalism of modern European civilization is the product of rational behavior only in the manner and under the control of thinking will only produce math and science, will produce reasonable legal, social, administrative systems and social forms of work organization. But Weber only the rationalist in the performance of the social life as the formal aspects of rationalism; in his view, the development of rationalism in which there are still a reasonable value, that is the purpose of reasonable action that allows subordinate to the values and ideals. Therefore, he also said that the value of rationality as a substantive rationality.
2. unreasonable actions include both traditional mobile and emotional action. They are considered unreasonable reason, is Because these actions are without thought and reflection. traditional action refers to actions undertaken by the habit, such as a personal habit of behavior, action by the impact of traditional culture, and so on. complacent, rigid, are traditional action. each political reform reform movement will be met with obstacles from traditional operations, there are obviously many traditional action is unreasonable, but because it is traditional, it can agree to some of the people.
emotional action refers to a sense of domination by the emotions and actions or that the action taken on impulse. It is not without conscious consideration and reflection. It is also in the life of a large proportion. Many of the actions are unjustifiable. Some actions may seem reasonable, in fact without serious consideration. They are irrational action.
course, the above distinction between the action has only good sense. any kind of real life are not this simple action. Each action may include a variety of factors. and put in a different era or environment, for the same actions can make a different understanding. such as wandering, is that many young adolescents prone to emotional impulses. It also has a variety of reasons, the reality resentful, longing, and so far away. But these are not objective. vagrant is not a reasonable approach toward one purpose, nor has ultimate significance. Perhaps the child who is very sacred to think of it, in fact, an emotional impulse. There seclusion, only today is an emotional impulse. However, if in the Romantic era, wandering may be reasonable, for example, it may be a reliable way to art; In ancient China, it may be a hermit Queensland will seek social status and reputation of the Zhongnan shortcut.
Third, actions and cultural values
Weber are not satisfied with the experience of social action, but further action from the action deep into the impact of various cultural premise, Religion and ethics in particular. This is the main features of Weber's sociology. Weber's Institute of religion based on the principle of rationalization. religion in its long development process of how to gradually reduce its magic and superstition, have a universal social ethics, and how the impact of this ethical behavior of human experience. Weber studied Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism and other world religions, that all religions are designed to save, but their understanding of salvation and rescue different ways.
Weber on religion, the analysis examined the occurrence of the cultural differences between various religions.
1. all religions are founded on the basis of prophetic . Liyan Prophet of God on behalf of those people, who enacted the precepts and dogma, to provide for people's social behavior norms. Weber believes that there are two types of prophets: Ethics and the model of the Prophet the Prophet. ethical prophet to Buda to the people of God , as the ethics of asking people to obey. such as the Jewish prophet. which he can develop a system of religious rules to teach science, pervasive control of the secular life. and a model of the Prophet with a personal example to show others the way of religious salvation. The prophets do not speak the sacred mission and ethical responsibility, but the small man as he exhorted the people the way to seek relief. such as the Buddha. these two prophets have to break the original mystery religions and witchcraft traditions of folk religion, to improve the rational religion the nature of the degree.
Weber believes that the ethical model of the Prophet advocated by the prophets and there are different types of religion: Ethical prophet is usually the opposite with the sacred and the secular establishment of ethical commandments to guide people through the pursuit of ethical practice from the world beyond the external to the kingdom of heaven; and model of the Prophet shows one of the fantasy realm of God, with the virtue of charity and education of people. Their religious ethics based on human and secular opposition, and asking people to re-shame shame to know, the pursuit of living with God beyond the internal integration. In comparison, more Western religions and ethics of the prophets associated generally belong to the religious asceticism; Eastern religion is combined with the model of the Prophet, generally belong to the mystical religion. asceticism is the self as an instrument of God's people in accordance with the will of God, made pious actions; mysticism to see is the owner of a meditative sacred. asceticism busy in the earth in an attempt by the work of secular occupations animal instinct to control things and evil; and escape the world of mysticism is an attempt through meditation and prayer with the sacred. Judaism, Christianity, prophet by virtue of their personal charisma will be outside of God into a secular ethical system, such as Moses the Ten Commandments, climbing the Hadith, and guide people to make abstinence action. This is an intervention the world, secular life in the external action. Eastern religions is to develop a spirit of Salvation, it seeks is empty, the general public can not be achieved.
obvious WTO Confucian rationalism. rule the world, is the accession to the WTO. without a word bizarre is rationalism. but not completely, as Confucius did not deny the supernatural existence; also avoided a transcendent, not to discuss the problem of sin and salvation. this life and beyond the tension between the minimum. In Weber, the meaning of Confucianism, not so much a religion as it is ethical, ritual system and the practical The combination of experience.
2. Weber as the absolute ethical religious ethics, the ultimate characterization of the value of religion. It is to judge performance in the first one or the other, to have on the whole, or nothing. climbers Words and Gospel ethical requirements, a person must be all the saints in every matter, at least in the faith is true. the absolute value of ethics tend to have a birth. So how on earth does this ethical
applied to all ethical action orientation, can be divided into two categories: ethical responsibility ethics and beliefs. these two criteria are fundamentally opposed. belief ethical ideas, all acts of ethical values is the mood of actors, intentions, beliefs and values, it makes reason to deny the actors responsible for the consequences, but will shirk their responsibilities to God and God allows evil. responsibility for ethics is that ethical behavior of the value of a person is only the consequences of acts, actors, meaning it requires no standing nearby, to the consequences responsibility. The former is the value determined subjectively, the actors in order to maintain the purity of faith as a duty; the latter requires consideration to the potential degree of choice. as the ethical guidelines for practical action, responsibility ethics associated with this side of sexuality; interlinked with the other side of ethical beliefs. stronger ethics of responsibility, the more reasonable requirements of the purpose of fully understanding, which is a WTO ethics; belief that only God is responsible for ethics, the criteria of good and evil on the subjective beliefs, intentions , where a is the action consistent with good faith, or evil.
the different ethical behavior and the salvation of different ways to combine social action can be distinguished four types: ethics of responsibility and action combine this side of , is a tool of rationality; the ethics of responsibility and action to the other side of the combine, is a traditional action; the belief that ethics and on this side of the combination of value rationality; the belief that ethics and the other side of the combination of emotional action. It Webber Kun from the cultural point of view of social action to be interpretation.
3. Weber acknowledged that the economic life of options for action for people to have a decisive impact, but he was opposed to economic determinism, and argue that multiple determinism. Culture , in particular, a person's values and ethics, not a simple reflection of material conditions. ideas and ideals on people's behavior and social structure imposed by a limited but independent of. This is considered a powerful Marxist theory Weber amendment.
Weber is the most influential of the Protestant work ethic in a capitalist system, the process of formation and development has played a strong role in promoting. He found that both the Protestant ethic, including a reasonable way of life. Protestant emphasized self-denial hard to avoid idleness and indulgence pleasure, and the development of capitalism in order to seek to restrict spending to expand production, which Weber believes that requirements in the Protestant ethic and the capitalist mode of economic motivation for the existence of ;. Weber said was causality. when we discuss the relationship between traditional culture and modernization issues often fall into this myth when. If for Weber's view to look at the development of Chinese traditional culture model of modernization, in fact, is based on a misunderstanding of Weber's theory basis.
V. Weber
social structure does not recognize the individual action than a social fact, but that does not mean that the social structure in his sight. However, the analysis of social structure is based on the analysis of social action based on. In his view, social relations and social structure can only grasp as the possibility of social action, such as economic class, wealth is owned by a decision have the same life chances a class of people, but a legitimate social order is based on people's recognition of this order on the basis of.
1. Weber, social stratification theory is the basic theory of social organization. On this issue he basically consistent with Marx that the economy is an important basis for social stratification, social class is one that changes in the economic life of people of the same. but he believes that, in addition to economic fundamentals, but also the reputation and political status can be based on stratification. position is not a simple reflection of economic conditions, it has its own independent significance. a status group is often caused by a common values and habits, as well as with other status groups, a combination between the sense of distance. This view There is some truth. We note that some of the upstarts of conspicuous consumption is a manifestation of the pursuit of superior position. In addition, political power is a basis for stratification. It is closely linked to economic and status, but there are differences. < br> 2. authority types and forms of social organization. individual social action constitute the basic social structure of materials, from the rising level of social relations to the political economy of social order. The concept of social order, Weber analyzes the legality of economic, political and religious basis of the system. In his view, a legitimate social order not based on personal habits or the basis of self-interest, but on the social order in people's internal code of rules accepted as a valid basis, these rules are the basis of the law. Any order is established based on the structure of authority, or reflect an authoritative structure. according to the classification of social action, Weber distinguished four kinds of authority structures: traditional authority and appeal authority, legal authority, and Mixed authority.
rely on traditional authority and the sanctity of the traditional authority of the legitimate status of the implementation, which developed from family relationships. Weber distinguishes three different types of authority: the elderly rule, patriarchal and patrimonial system . feudal autocratic authority that such a form.
appeal to the authority of leaders based on charisma. gift. appeal authority is different from the traditional authority, but also different from the reasonable and legitimate authority, it is built on the basis of the cult followers. For example, some political leaders have the authority to appeal the characteristics of authority: his cleverness, he abilities virtue of his birth is not even deified, in fact, such an authority is effective at some point. Another example is the great qigong masters, but also has appeal authority. their authority more on on the basis of their power.
legitimate authority that rules enacted to comply with the formal basis of the authority. It is a non-personal way to rule. A person has the authority not from his strength of character, but often Because of his social position occupied dictates. Some people tend to sigh in Huanhaichenfu inconstancy of human relationships, during the reign of Xuan He momentum, losing ground when the doors to cold, such as Li Yuan-hung. In fact, this is a legitimate phenomenon. He lamented the reason why it is misunderstood but because his authority.
mixed authority. the authority of these three types are ideal types, in real life would not be any kind of authority that simple. In fact, the real authority is often mixed, both to establish on the basis of legality, while the rich personal charisma, but also closely linked with the tradition. In China, a successful political leaders of several factors that need to be mobilized.
3. bureaucracy. with the establishment of a large family and interpersonal relationships than on traditional forms of management, the modern bureaucracy is to develop the most effective so far, most systems, the most promising form of social organization. it reflects the advanced tools reasonable. The biggest advantage of bureaucracy is its impersonality of social relations, the operation of the system and reasonable division of labor. bureaucratic rationality lies in its focus on technical efficiency rather than of need or ultimate value. In this case, the goal of the organization, or its routine functions, will hinder the satisfaction of human needs, and thus morally, it has its irrational side.
Monday, February 28, 2011
PSP Mobile Phone Sony Ericsson App of the attempt to
PSP Sony Ericsson handsets to smart phones more than a selling point, but also to the integration of Sony authorized party platform program and took a step forward.
Sony Ericsson music phones this year by a joint venture emerging handset manufacturers, after a decline in the share of long, and now want people to believe that In fact, it will .
2 13, Sony Ericsson confirmed that its latest Xperia Play Zli mobile game brands as Sony Group's first certified mobile phone PS, the first officially on sale in March. Its time to just before the second generation of Sony's PSP model NGP, which is scheduled for April released earlier than the HTC Facebook is also time to market for mobile phones; February 13 also happens to be this time than the Windows Phone 7 am to upgrade package One day sooner.
cross-border cooperation as a mobile phone, PSP phone with rivals desperate contention, it is represented by the three product markets, which are from handheld game consoles, smart phones with a gaming platform.
phone system will be powered by Android 2.3, 4-inch screen, the basic configuration of hardware and iPhone4 the same, such as carrying 1GHz processor, memory, same as the 512M, difference is, when the PSP fan side open After the phone, you will find they are familiar with the arrow keys are lying there quietly. The United States in February 14 at the Mobile Congress, Sony Ericsson announced this phone in the United States will cooperate with telecom operators Verizon. Not disclose the exact price now, but people familiar with Twitter, it suggested in the German market retail price of 649 euros, if true, the price even more than the price at launch iPhone4 even higher.
Sony Ericsson's lung power is developed using a platform independent framework, Android phone for the first time the emulator can run PS games, and have a physical button Xperia Play Zli to let people in to use this phone the experience of playing the game even better than using a virtual keypad.
but not all PSP fans will buy it, in the
might also comment that the phone will repeat the launch of Nokia 2003 mobile phone N-Gage game of mistakes, which is considered neither met the expectations of gamers do not meet the ordinary mobile phone user expectations, and thus encounter commercial fiasco.
but Sony Ericsson have high hopes for this phone. Apple and HTC in order to represent the current popularity of smart phones, Sony Ericsson, in an awkward position. Although the use Android system, but the lack of star models of the system it did not receive much appreciation for Android (Android systems tend only to shipments in front of preferential policies Motorola, HTC and Samsung), its market share had dropped out of the top ranking VIII.
but now it is off to a PSP mobile phone weight - PSP has many game fans, and if the smart phone industry needs a theme, then Sony can rely on mobile phones and other smart phone games separate . In fact, this is Sony Ericsson has always been good at - in the era of cellular portable phone, Sony Ericsson was established by the theme music phones only became the world's third-largest mobile phone maker.
more importantly, this phone is a Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE, Sony's game business operations) PlayStation Certified System authorized by Sony Ericsson.
and this practice is authorized by the Sony Group, Howard Stringer, now head of the integration platform program an important step. Sony in the history of the first foreign CEO, Sony is considering to follow the example of Apple's development path: through digital channels, will be Sony's music, movies and games directly into a platform up.
Stringer PlayStation Network once set an example for the entire company. This network service has been launched 4 years, now has 50 million registered users, you can purchase or lease through the network TV shows, games and music. Stringer's goal is to March 31, 2013 350 million units sold network equipment and network services (including movie and game service) to create a 3.4 billion profit.
and by the PSP phone, Stringer, integrated platform for his plans to migrate to the mobile Internet up. In fact, he has started trying, and now he decided to join into the game platforms.
is usually considered through the Qu Shuming said path is the realization of these structures, PlayStation (PS1) game content on Android OS will be used on portable machines; the implementation of A new development environment created content, which in addition to the Android OS to use a portable machine will also be used in the NGP; PlayStation Suite content (including games) will be through the PS Store download.
If this License to PSP phone with great success, then Stringer, Sony can convince the diehards within the technology further toward the App.
App to the addition of Nintendo has affected the world outside the major console makers, it means more innovation and the cost of smaller developers. However, more accustomed to console makers and only a few large game developers, development costs in the hundreds of millions of dollars, because their core customers are not the same-SCE is not the App that attract the LU (Light User, mild player), but CU (Core User, core gamers), the latter being that only well-made, complicated operation of the game to impress them, while the former is apparently interested only in the Chessie Kuala this little game to pass the time on.
great game if not more manufacturers to participate, then the significance of establishing online platforms is not big - big game companies and studios in the apparent reluctance on the same platform to sell their games, particularly after only a few dollars of the price. And App of the development also means a very short period, typically less than 1 year, and the use of mobile phones is generally defined as a period of not more than 2 years, but the game cycle is 5 to 10 years.
at this stage it is difficult to completely App Sony technology.
Microsoft WP7 had to try to combine Xbox Live online platform, but is unsuccessful. Sony PlayStation Suite in order not to repeat the same mistakes, it at least sort out all these contradictions.
PSP these contradictions will restrict future development of mobile phones, and its success lies in the number of SCE can provide resources to the PlayStation Suite, which means that players can play on the PSP phone to high-quality game number. However, in its published partners, in addition to EA, most are just a small game development company cell phone, and EA has brought this phone only for the classic games FIFA and Need for Speed. Qu Shuming said, and now this platform is mainly for users to download PS1 games. More advanced and interesting and the NGP somatosensory PS3 games not included. This means that orthodox PSP is the next generation of NGP is SCE's flagship handheld, it is categorically not to PSP phone to make more new games to compete with the NGP.
Though there are difficulties, but as of now Sony Ericsson is not nothing, at least it is returned to fans of sight technology, a topic might have been expected - there is hope always good .
Sony Ericsson music phones this year by a joint venture emerging handset manufacturers, after a decline in the share of long, and now want people to believe that In fact, it will .
2 13, Sony Ericsson confirmed that its latest Xperia Play Zli mobile game brands as Sony Group's first certified mobile phone PS, the first officially on sale in March. Its time to just before the second generation of Sony's PSP model NGP, which is scheduled for April released earlier than the HTC Facebook is also time to market for mobile phones; February 13 also happens to be this time than the Windows Phone 7 am to upgrade package One day sooner.
cross-border cooperation as a mobile phone, PSP phone with rivals desperate contention, it is represented by the three product markets, which are from handheld game consoles, smart phones with a gaming platform.
phone system will be powered by Android 2.3, 4-inch screen, the basic configuration of hardware and iPhone4 the same, such as carrying 1GHz processor, memory, same as the 512M, difference is, when the PSP fan side open After the phone, you will find they are familiar with the arrow keys are lying there quietly. The United States in February 14 at the Mobile Congress, Sony Ericsson announced this phone in the United States will cooperate with telecom operators Verizon. Not disclose the exact price now, but people familiar with Twitter, it suggested in the German market retail price of 649 euros, if true, the price even more than the price at launch iPhone4 even higher.
Sony Ericsson's lung power is developed using a platform independent framework, Android phone for the first time the emulator can run PS games, and have a physical button Xperia Play Zli to let people in to use this phone the experience of playing the game even better than using a virtual keypad.
but not all PSP fans will buy it, in the
might also comment that the phone will repeat the launch of Nokia 2003 mobile phone N-Gage game of mistakes, which is considered neither met the expectations of gamers do not meet the ordinary mobile phone user expectations, and thus encounter commercial fiasco.
but Sony Ericsson have high hopes for this phone. Apple and HTC in order to represent the current popularity of smart phones, Sony Ericsson, in an awkward position. Although the use Android system, but the lack of star models of the system it did not receive much appreciation for Android (Android systems tend only to shipments in front of preferential policies Motorola, HTC and Samsung), its market share had dropped out of the top ranking VIII.
but now it is off to a PSP mobile phone weight - PSP has many game fans, and if the smart phone industry needs a theme, then Sony can rely on mobile phones and other smart phone games separate . In fact, this is Sony Ericsson has always been good at - in the era of cellular portable phone, Sony Ericsson was established by the theme music phones only became the world's third-largest mobile phone maker.
more importantly, this phone is a Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE, Sony's game business operations) PlayStation Certified System authorized by Sony Ericsson.
and this practice is authorized by the Sony Group, Howard Stringer, now head of the integration platform program an important step. Sony in the history of the first foreign CEO, Sony is considering to follow the example of Apple's development path: through digital channels, will be Sony's music, movies and games directly into a platform up.
Stringer PlayStation Network once set an example for the entire company. This network service has been launched 4 years, now has 50 million registered users, you can purchase or lease through the network TV shows, games and music. Stringer's goal is to March 31, 2013 350 million units sold network equipment and network services (including movie and game service) to create a 3.4 billion profit.
and by the PSP phone, Stringer, integrated platform for his plans to migrate to the mobile Internet up. In fact, he has started trying, and now he decided to join into the game platforms.
is usually considered through the Qu Shuming said path is the realization of these structures, PlayStation (PS1) game content on Android OS will be used on portable machines; the implementation of A new development environment created content, which in addition to the Android OS to use a portable machine will also be used in the NGP; PlayStation Suite content (including games) will be through the PS Store download.
If this License to PSP phone with great success, then Stringer, Sony can convince the diehards within the technology further toward the App.
App to the addition of Nintendo has affected the world outside the major console makers, it means more innovation and the cost of smaller developers. However, more accustomed to console makers and only a few large game developers, development costs in the hundreds of millions of dollars, because their core customers are not the same-SCE is not the App that attract the LU (Light User, mild player), but CU (Core User, core gamers), the latter being that only well-made, complicated operation of the game to impress them, while the former is apparently interested only in the Chessie Kuala this little game to pass the time on.
great game if not more manufacturers to participate, then the significance of establishing online platforms is not big - big game companies and studios in the apparent reluctance on the same platform to sell their games, particularly after only a few dollars of the price. And App of the development also means a very short period, typically less than 1 year, and the use of mobile phones is generally defined as a period of not more than 2 years, but the game cycle is 5 to 10 years.
at this stage it is difficult to completely App Sony technology.
Microsoft WP7 had to try to combine Xbox Live online platform, but is unsuccessful. Sony PlayStation Suite in order not to repeat the same mistakes, it at least sort out all these contradictions.
PSP these contradictions will restrict future development of mobile phones, and its success lies in the number of SCE can provide resources to the PlayStation Suite, which means that players can play on the PSP phone to high-quality game number. However, in its published partners, in addition to EA, most are just a small game development company cell phone, and EA has brought this phone only for the classic games FIFA and Need for Speed. Qu Shuming said, and now this platform is mainly for users to download PS1 games. More advanced and interesting and the NGP somatosensory PS3 games not included. This means that orthodox PSP is the next generation of NGP is SCE's flagship handheld, it is categorically not to PSP phone to make more new games to compete with the NGP.
Though there are difficulties, but as of now Sony Ericsson is not nothing, at least it is returned to fans of sight technology, a topic might have been expected - there is hope always good .
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Seed Project published the feelings of the parents (c)
Note: Participation in the seed plan finalized parents informed about books I need to feel some parents, parents who actively support given to me, because of time and limited edition pieces, can not be published in book eleven feelings of parents, parents hope forgive me. In this part of the seed program reproduced the feeling of the parents for all parents of students learn.
Beijing eight tons parents feel:
know the theory, when the teacher Yau less than two years old child, decided to join after all aspects of understanding, As a birthday gift to his son two years old. join the family environment or are later discovered to be effective. Chungang been put melodies to the children almost every day for more. English is also heard, but the effect of English was no piano, music and more obvious the influence of After listening to one day after about six months, play music, he suddenly said: out, even if there is only one word only, shows an impact on children's school. chemistry class but also on the 2, the effect is not very obvious. TV has insulated us, I'm more determined as a parent if they can carry out of Yau the teacher's idea, the result should still be better.
now on the kindergarten, the teacher that the child's attention better, and do not know about the seed program.
overall teacher I recognized Yau point of view, the child can actually multitask, and what to teach would be what the potential of unlimited, no child does not feel that now have children, with teachers Yau theory, the experience of other parents think it works well. I think the kids then a large number of effects may be more obvious. Thanks to this chance encounter is not trivial, let me and the children opened a new life.
Texas Lan Lan Lan Lan ,2001 parents feel
girl-12-11 or eight months.
features: for family reasons, pre-school can already read their own newspapers, reading books, more like ; Oh, and one (Red dead woman). Skull massive fraud brush is not good. Of course, if not prohibited, would crush TVs, computers.
2009 年 6 months, 7 years and a half to participate in the seed program, has been implemented for 8 months, mainly on the first six months of life, including the U.S. high school textbooks the driving force of life chemistry, mainly about the American high school textbook Comparison of emotional, very fond of the experiment, but the theory is not welcome, but the basic to listen to, talked with the impression of knowledge, but can not speak clearly.
mainly talking about the American high school physics textbook , talk about a few classes, because the physics is relatively dry, it is very difficult to find suitable teachers, recently a second year primary school teacher talking, more efforts to stimulate the child is still interested in phase. sometimes appear in the play, but others say a mistake, she immediately corrected, Dan across the relatively large fish tank is due to refraction, will immediately think of the For example, once talked about evolution, she said the world now have dinosaurs, because we live in the presence of birds, but Archaeopteryx evolved into a bird, Archaeopteryx is a dinosaur.
school teacher said that The world is very simple things and knowledge in an easier to detect when the nature of things, can see through the appearance to the essence more quickly. She lectures in many (if she was interested in the knowledge of the stresses) can give their own views, although compared with children of the language also, but the idea has been conveyed more mature. teaching the process she felt her obvious progress Nothing earth-shaking changes, but she does in progress, although very few test hundred points because of carelessness, but some difficult maths problem but she can answer them; to participate in a week two hours of English classes, do not like homework, but the pronunciation , is basically phonetic than other classmates, some have not learned the lessons memorized, the teacher said, is natural, because adhering to listen to.
music once a week, mainly to learn music theory, ear training is the strength of listening to determine the size of the three very accurate, so little teacher was surprised.
children have been feeling look at the issue of system thinking, life, social phenomena, but also can come up with some viable solutions. as to understand the hazards, and gradually be able to control myself not to eat some delicious junk food. This is not too self-control strong is a welcome change from the child.
2010 年 4 月 22 日
Guangzhou parents feel small Tada
joined since September 2009 Seed program, I benefited. learn a lot of valuable knowledge, Children also have confidence in education. It is a regular every day listening to English, see English original animation, children will inadvertently speak some English. make a small room for the children so that he can concentrate on learning and play, to buy a lot of books, look for him every night about some small story to him. also play music and telling stories side. Each week, insisted on a biology class experiment is a favorite on the course, strong hands. looking at a child changes every day, very pleased.
very pleased to participate in the seed program. hope the mom and seed group to develop the seed grow.
parents feel
Jinan rong rong, 8-year-old girl, Jinan, Shandong
from the child's birth, each of the parents of their baby limitless hope. But new parents have felt the loss, the parents want to give children the best education, vulgarian genius ideas, thoughts, and classic early childhood there are many places in line, such as: stocking in the form of teaching methods, focusing on children from age zero mental development, attention to the development of children interested in all aspects of hh, after consideration, decided to participate.
from last year end of the year to participate in age girl, on the fairy tale, cartoon dolls wide range of interests, never tired. free time they can play house, put a Longmen Zhen, telling their own stories of playing half a day. to join the scheme, the purchase of the Yau Wu teacher recommended Man greatest wish is to raise a puppy you like.
enhance practical ability
biology course with the children in depth and in-depth understanding of children themselves. Xuanxuan can not meet with just knowledge and understanding of books knowledge. more like his own, learning the process of fungi, their teachers and an experiment to develop lichen fungi from Yunnan, in the careful observation of different culture stages, shoot down the photos, for your records. studying cell development knowledge of the process, bought their milk and yogurt, the bottle clean and clear, the use of yogurt made yeast, own a bottle of , planted under the It blossoms bloom hh
more love reading books is a human mentor
. kids to develop good reading habits of reading, the future will last a lifetime. plans to seed the day before, the family is based on the book to buy school teachers and their peers parents guide recommendations recommend friends to buy. added to the seed plan, Yau Wu teacher recommended books for children eye-opener, a great deal. Xuanxuan now read books from the fairy tale, to history, science, technology, biography, philosophy and other aspects, covered a wide range. The day before yesterday, and asked the class tutor: If time is gone, then the beginning of time What is it? end where? children to discuss the wide range of topics is evident.
Seed Project, to follow a scientific model, the age corresponding with course syllabi and related implementation details, the way one on one with tutors teaching, Yau Wu teachers through the network to timely guidance to the young age of the child, in the game, in the interest under the guidance of robust, healthy growth. I hope that today the seeds of many hearts, the future can grow into towering trees.
0208 Jinan inaction (children rong, 8-year-old girl, Jinan, Shandong)
2010 年 4 Friday, 23 February
Linyi feel if the parents if the apartment apartment, the boy, nine, Linyi
a year ago, on the education of their children's fears and feelings of helplessness, and the occasional thrill of lasting bonds and seed programs, unforgettable.'m ashamed for various reasons, did not fully implement the guiding ideology of Yau teachers, but also to do some was able to do, see their children change, and very pleased. to report as follows:
I. Altman's previous obsession with children has been without a trace, or even to buy special bags when told, do not buy with Otter Man pattern, boring! had chosen me because it did not understand the cartoon protests, and now look with relish (can only select subtitles with Han, but could hear that there was an individual statement)
Second, the study habits become natural. before the kids like to listen to parents reading to children read a hundred books now, which there are three sets of four, feel funny, have I also fast, so I am surprised that many places can generally repeat.
Third, greater progress of scientific thinking. everyday life occasionally involve some scientific knowledge, adults are back, but to taste. it is no wonder, most children their own reading, some of the knowledge we've never learned to really.
four, self-confidence has increased greatly. Because it is inter-generational dependency, after three or four close at hand, there is also a severe shortage of Canadian and tolerance, resulting in children timid and cowardly. Through the influence of seed programs, more children read, more hands-on, rapid wealth of knowledge, although it is class or not take the initiative to raise their hands to answer questions, but better than a lot of confidence before the lively and cheerful.
the vicinity of the learning methods, there are deficiencies, please correct me Yau teacher:
one, due to remote location, there is no available in the college students, one after another just to find the work of two teachers, practices are not satisfied, the children do not like. through referrals, counseling his own at home . Near the small six months, are about half past eight p.m. the child to bed, and then is learning time, children come from the explorers and discoverers in their own interest to an elected, to read. often when the edge of Reading, children will look up the relevant pictures and text, and then sleep, the children fell asleep reading to the end of the beginning of the second night to ask what he heard, and so he uttered a faint but discernible content, followed by Read on. So far, the Explorer series has finished animal, environmental science, plant cell, astronomy and discoverer of the second volume in the series of animals (the first volume he did not choose)
Second, always concerned about the group chats, to understand the teacher's latest instructions and parents a good experience, especially books and the like, continue to enrich the child's bookcase, sofa, bedside video has been no shortage of books, but also let the children busy a lot of spare time . We do the parents, not idle, always monitor children's reading light, a small table lamp can be moved.
III Experimental weak. as the two parents are learning the arts, the experiment will not only encourage the child yourself. bought 101 and biological experiments in the game of science, the children often wondering, we have been in several successful experiments, but most results are not to his satisfaction. often see Beekman experiment, but added enthusiastic .
Three Rivers Ningning
parents feel
7-year-old in November 2009 we joined the Seed program, you figure it has been 5 months, the first to talk about their feelings a little. join I always have a plan before the idea of a young son to find a tutor, not to learn anything, is to make him to accompany children to play, the son of the energy is very strong, I often educate their children in line to see some of the information, a chance Yau Wu opportunity to see the teacher and a parent chats, I really have a sense of Brief Encounter, seed program attracted me the most is looking for college students as a tutor, and Yau teachers through telephone communication, and other seed parents introduction, less than 3 days I joined the Seed Project, and now it seems really glad to join the Seed Project, not only under the guidance of the teacher in learning Yau, also made a lot of high-quality parents, do not say I have children not a lot of feeling into than the original.
5 months into the program though, because the same teacher did not find a suitable, so remove the winter break 13 on the outside course, and now just on the 5 classes, although the class does not count but I obviously feel that many children are changing, kids love to watch the original cartoons and more addicted to Internet games, but now these phenomena without a little bit, watch TV all the legal channels and discovery, computer games, not one o'clock play, and the teacher recommended Beekman scientific world, traveled the United States, BBC and some other kids not only like to watch the disc and learned a lot of knowledge, and he would ask questions such as: see piranha and he would ask her mother The Tree of Man did not eat it? plane hit a bird in the sky can not die? basketball in the wood floor and bounced high in the tile how different? new problems every day, every question I would tell him Mom is not very clear, we look for in a book together, and now every day at noon and evening before going to bed, he asked her parents to study, such as reading the would say: I like Paul as strong. And I feel more confident than the original children in the school teachers and students liked him, and said he knows many extra-curricular knowledge, his books to school students are rushing to look. studying chemistry, he learned to use often in life, even if sometimes that's wrong, but I encourage him, that he thought in his own, and often experiment on their own initiative, wanted to see what experiment. for music is also more like a class teacher to speak on the folk song material, the grandmother at home Saturday to give us actually sang folk songs of Sichuan, the sun came out beaming, I think that kids are making progress every day, which I feel that since joining the scheme, asked the teacher to correct me. My son first grade, nickname: Ningning
Shanghai and so on and so parents feel
, July 2003 born girl, Shanghai.
in early June 2009 I joined the Seed Project, and now nearly 10 months.
months changes in:
compared to participate in the seed scheme, our daughter the most obvious change is the increased self-confidence many. because she felt she would skillfully using a microscope, while her classmates do not know what the basic microscope, let alone read the cells out. the child since the first grade, so far has been the top few. scores well on the test and the difference We have been very concerned about, not care about the score. good or bad is to encourage her! ten months of the change of view is to get children:
1, basically put an end to watching TV. restrict her first week on Saturdays only the sky, half an hour. Now do not read the basic even for half an hour. like to see
2, the periodic table on the wall at home, the children in biology, chemistry, what experiments were done at home. because it is not very regular chemistry class on the biology class. but very active with the teacher. The problem Many a time when the chattering class keep on asking. Sometimes some of their stories and talk about things at home listening to the teacher.
3, reading was not a lot of aspects to improve. relative put in more than before his reading of the . is mainly limited understanding of the word. every night can not sleep without listening to the story. Sometimes she listens to sleep. sometimes heard the more excited. night to her read the operations are a classic play classical piano. sometimes forget to play out, she felt something missing. and then we forget that play music. the basic play up in the morning is . could understand not a lot. really like inside the To help the poor, to invent universal drugs can cure all diseases, to invent a machine to help the police catch the thief do. A few days ago she said: mid-range of people, no culture, no wealth to the next and others, my father, I grew up a wealth of educated people who do. speak, she remembered those words. She said that the poor can have a good life of wealth.
Summary: Yau seed teachers plan to change our concept of educating children can be calm in this way cultivate children, free from external training agencies. In contrast, the children very happy, she said: growth, it is enough. Thank You-teacher, appreciation Seed Project!
Sichuan Yingxiu Cong Cong children of parents feel
name: Cong Cong (born December 1997) in June 2009 to participate in the seed program Yingxiu
from Aba to get good points for the child's education, we adults work in Aba, to send their children to school in Dujiangyan. generally the weekend to go back, children and grandparents with long-term. Now conditions are good points, we can return every day in Dujiangyan, and children spend more time together more, only to find the child because of his lack of management prior to children learning there are many problems, the child's situation is more serious passive learning. In the 5.12 earthquake, the children not in school we adults do not return to work, and children were found in daily life in school children merely to learn something, he did not desire to learn. It makes me very anxious, though he looks in school You can also, but the child did not own desire to learn, on the high school will be hard for the future.
In this case I started to pay attention on how to educate their children online blog, to see how they educate their children, but also want to learn experience. accidentally saw the teacher's blog Yau, his educational philosophy that shines I really feel there is a Brief Encounter. not hesitate to participate in the seed plan and begin implementation of, the child is also more acceptable in this way. children participate in the program when they are some big, Despite this, nearly a year through the efforts of children has changed little by little, changes in the child in the eyes of hi to me in the heart.
in Yau under the guidance of teachers, buy books at home are more in line with children to see, he likes watching these books slowly. Now, when watching TV much less than before, and often look at the books themselves. weekend Total looking forward to when little brother with him to learn those interesting things, little brother left and then sometimes have to get themselves. in school is not that we worry about him, he should not know what to do what to do after coming home is always the first thing is to finish school work. take a look at their favorite books, learning for him, as is a happy thing.
children the same age as children than know more interesting things, children are more like him, he also received from the inner satisfaction, the child becomes more confident than before.
Changchun Yangyang parents feel
2009 年 11 months, there day in the web search the knowledge about early childhood, inadvertently forwarded a few students found in Yau Bowen seed program teacher, I feel this is a special concept, is a bold approach, because this traditional way of education there are very different.'ve always wanted to learn more about the seed content of the program, so I spent five months time, nothing went to Yau's blog, the teacher to see what new content in the five months , I also try to blog with teachers some of the methods mentioned in the text to guide the children, also buy the and educational methods and the two great works of the early education there are many similarities, but more specific in the operation. I try to remember the beginning of high school, learned their physical and chemical knowledge to the children to do some small experiments, found that children really like it, and every morning and night arguing whether to give him my experiment, I will do the final experiments were done several times, I asked his son, hope will not want to experiment to find a big brother or big sister to give you a lecture , his son said, like, I think I can not wait, and I plan to join the seed, no matter whether the child will be very good, as long as the kids like to learn this form of knowledge is worth a try, so, 2010 of March I officially joined the Seed Project, but membership fee is not the price of November 2009, this number is for our average family spending a small fortune, but for children, and her husband, after discussions, her husband said that I think everything possible to support me, and I am very grateful to him. And so I joined the elderly at home without the knowledge of the seed program, an independent school for your child's space, give him a library, a laboratory, and we lend money to elderly people bought a small size, the original two-bedroom poured out a special to his son, the major issue in the months get, think about if it is the power of the seed program, I would not make such a big decision. 2010 April 15, we begin the first step in the implementation of the Seed Project, go to the university tutor, we have students from the seven found a sunny, cheerful junior boys, we can not wait in April 16 started the first lesson of our biology class, the effect can also be the child's interest has been high. in the plans to join the plan and the actual accession seeds few months, I have been very excited, I think I finally found a can be implemented in a planned way of educating children, I like to find a direction, I plan to seed as my career, from now on, I want to give my son all the attention I paid, I buy books, buy teaching aids, looking for tutor to your child to go the United States, listening to music, paintings, and training manual operation, etc., really full day, ah, which one because if something did not finish, I would blame.
I think Yau teacher is reasonable, a child's learning ability is very strong, a child's brain is actually very amazing, I was pregnant with his son when his father reading fairy tales to him every night, read poetry, his father believe that prenatal care, in fact, it was a fetus, who can not say what he could understand, but he can really hear it, does the prenatal care had been in it, there are results, my son who talk earlier than the average child, ten months When you can say a word and two words of the word, we can simply express their own wishes, his father think it is to his credit, I think there must be a prenatal effect, then he now three years old, he adults can understand, then we might have the class when he did not seem to listen, or did not understand, but it does not matter, as long as he likes to hear, as long as he likes little tutoring, the teacher told the little interest, then there We expect them might surprise us. This is the teacher says: Now the task of sowing, do not ask the results, the results in the future there will be.
I believe: if we continue, everything is possible!! ( Changchun Yangyang-year-old boy)
Chongqing Qiqi parents feel
nickname Qiqi, 4 year and 2 months, female, Chongqing
Qiqi is the July 2009 plan to join the seed to the present So far, a total of 20 sessions on the biology class on June .09 on the Internet when I stumbled Jinhua Qiu Sha conversation with Yau teachers to be attracted to this concept, all aspects of child guidance and influence from, not force, not oppression, let her free, happy to learn and absorb the nutrition knowledge, this is not what I want you. So I immediately joined this group. After that, I am very glad, in this platform energy and parents across the country to share parental advanced concepts, talk about their experiences, do let me get a lot of help.
now Qiqi very fond of reading, especially the science classes, often holding their own books A man sitting on the sofa watching quietly, and once told us the story of almost 10 pages, all recite, verbatim, so we were shocked. practical ability greatly enhanced, it is like to ride in the molecular model, from methane to ethane and then ethanol, and then to ethylene. Carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, a new word coming out from the mouth, air circulation, water cleaning and purification, the operation of the solar system, all kinds of elements to ...... We have a plausible explanation. In music, we were making a color read music, know a lot of music symbols and notes, usually at home playing Chopin, Liszt, Mozart's music, described the life of musician, composer's background, musical form, mode, Qiqi love listening to music sometimes does not kill himself in the dance, although the rhythm is also unstable, but I believe there will be a good development. in English culture, and mainly herself to be not good enough, usually just does not hear, without much success, but her daughter more or less will pop out a few words and simple sentences, pronunciation is basically accurate, to strengthen their future guidance. usually also listened to the story is vivid, the biggest gain is Qiqi heard very good Mandarin, but also to correct my pronunciation. to know the sky fearless, afraid of Sichuan speak Mandarin, at this point I have completely relieved .
daughter full access to all kinds of knowledge, gain confidence and have included. This year in February to do the collective preschool birthday party for his daughter, she confidently recited the classmates and teachers praise; have a family gathering, she secretly came to me, buy asparagus cooking, and she said, For Qi gradually. moraine numerous ring away too, should pack Bailian to Anxi. is the asparagus it? But I would like for a girl who is only 4 years old be considered a good start now, thanks to Yau teachers to provide such a platform, I will keep walking.
Beijing gourd parents feel
nickname: Hulu
Gender: Male
Hometown: Beijing
Birthday: January 4, 2009
Age: 1 year 3 months
into the program Time: January 2009
beginning of the year One day, I was browsing the web when the teacher accidentally discovered the seeds of Yau weapons program, began to visit the teacher's blog Yau. see Yau theory of teacher education, the child later on I immediately resonate with almost the whole night, to immediately to join this program! Yau teachers a lot of theories coincides with my point of view, but I'm just some vague ideas, and Yau teachers have formed a relatively complete theory and implementation methods.
later because of a sick child, things into the program was delayed for some time. children getting better since I joined the Seed program.
do a good job in after a series of preparations, about mid-February this year, I started seeds in the family planning program. small children, initially in English on the piano and the reaction is not great. But two weeks later, I found the child's request for a change, I coax the baby to sleep, he no longer liked me to sing songs, but like adaptation of a number of songs I sing art songs, this is the first change I found.
to now, the children listen to piano music and the time has traveled the United States more than two months, and now the child will take the initiative to ask me to open the Sound Although he can not speak. tune in to hear the rhythmic, he would command the same rhythm as the band waved, looked very happy.
see the children a little bit of change, I am sincerely happy. really grateful to Yau teacher!
2009 年 4 月 22 日
parents feel children
Beijing Yu Yu child my son, 6 years old, we live in Beijing. I have been on the exam-oriented education concerns, fear of children to adapt to No, a waste of valuable time to fight the sea tactical. see Yau teacher's
2009 年 11 month we joined the seeds, with a month to understand the weekly classes; in March 2010 after the twice-weekly classes, like the biological children are learning, the teacher questions about the child side, daring to say to the teacher their own ideas, the list will know from their own; sometimes use Look smear microscopy, molecular modeling play. is now probably on the 16 plant biology class, even though children are very active and appears to play while you learn, but the tutor or listen to his response to you, to tell the teacher talked about the content. I felt that the effectiveness of learning, learning for children than spoon-feeding is more effective.
seed programs we implement are no obstacles in English and music, usually arranged to see some kind of scientific knowledge of books, see Beek Manco learn the world, reducing watching cartoons, and now is almost non .
I want my children to all-round development, in addition to learning the knowledge, but also knowledge of astronomy and geography, knowledge of musical art. the child's sensitive nature and love of music, year-old finished the piano for less than three, but the way the original to the piano ...
Beijing eight tons parents feel:
know the theory, when the teacher Yau less than two years old child, decided to join after all aspects of understanding, As a birthday gift to his son two years old. join the family environment or are later discovered to be effective. Chungang been put melodies to the children almost every day for more. English is also heard, but the effect of English was no piano, music and more obvious the influence of After listening to one day after about six months, play music, he suddenly said: out, even if there is only one word only, shows an impact on children's school. chemistry class but also on the 2, the effect is not very obvious. TV has insulated us, I'm more determined as a parent if they can carry out of Yau the teacher's idea, the result should still be better.
now on the kindergarten, the teacher that the child's attention better, and do not know about the seed program.
overall teacher I recognized Yau point of view, the child can actually multitask, and what to teach would be what the potential of unlimited, no child does not feel that now have children, with teachers Yau theory, the experience of other parents think it works well. I think the kids then a large number of effects may be more obvious. Thanks to this chance encounter is not trivial, let me and the children opened a new life.
Texas Lan Lan Lan Lan ,2001 parents feel
girl-12-11 or eight months.
features: for family reasons, pre-school can already read their own newspapers, reading books, more like ; Oh, and one (Red dead woman). Skull massive fraud brush is not good. Of course, if not prohibited, would crush TVs, computers.
2009 年 6 months, 7 years and a half to participate in the seed program, has been implemented for 8 months, mainly on the first six months of life, including the U.S. high school textbooks the driving force of life chemistry, mainly about the American high school textbook Comparison of emotional, very fond of the experiment, but the theory is not welcome, but the basic to listen to, talked with the impression of knowledge, but can not speak clearly.
mainly talking about the American high school physics textbook , talk about a few classes, because the physics is relatively dry, it is very difficult to find suitable teachers, recently a second year primary school teacher talking, more efforts to stimulate the child is still interested in phase. sometimes appear in the play, but others say a mistake, she immediately corrected, Dan across the relatively large fish tank is due to refraction, will immediately think of the For example, once talked about evolution, she said the world now have dinosaurs, because we live in the presence of birds, but Archaeopteryx evolved into a bird, Archaeopteryx is a dinosaur.
school teacher said that The world is very simple things and knowledge in an easier to detect when the nature of things, can see through the appearance to the essence more quickly. She lectures in many (if she was interested in the knowledge of the stresses) can give their own views, although compared with children of the language also, but the idea has been conveyed more mature. teaching the process she felt her obvious progress Nothing earth-shaking changes, but she does in progress, although very few test hundred points because of carelessness, but some difficult maths problem but she can answer them; to participate in a week two hours of English classes, do not like homework, but the pronunciation , is basically phonetic than other classmates, some have not learned the lessons memorized, the teacher said, is natural, because adhering to listen to.
music once a week, mainly to learn music theory, ear training is the strength of listening to determine the size of the three very accurate, so little teacher was surprised.
children have been feeling look at the issue of system thinking, life, social phenomena, but also can come up with some viable solutions. as to understand the hazards, and gradually be able to control myself not to eat some delicious junk food. This is not too self-control strong is a welcome change from the child.
2010 年 4 月 22 日
Guangzhou parents feel small Tada
joined since September 2009 Seed program, I benefited. learn a lot of valuable knowledge, Children also have confidence in education. It is a regular every day listening to English, see English original animation, children will inadvertently speak some English. make a small room for the children so that he can concentrate on learning and play, to buy a lot of books, look for him every night about some small story to him. also play music and telling stories side. Each week, insisted on a biology class experiment is a favorite on the course, strong hands. looking at a child changes every day, very pleased.
very pleased to participate in the seed program. hope the mom and seed group to develop the seed grow.
parents feel
Jinan rong rong, 8-year-old girl, Jinan, Shandong
from the child's birth, each of the parents of their baby limitless hope. But new parents have felt the loss, the parents want to give children the best education, vulgarian genius ideas, thoughts, and classic early childhood there are many places in line, such as: stocking in the form of teaching methods, focusing on children from age zero mental development, attention to the development of children interested in all aspects of hh, after consideration, decided to participate.
from last year end of the year to participate in age girl, on the fairy tale, cartoon dolls wide range of interests, never tired. free time they can play house, put a Longmen Zhen, telling their own stories of playing half a day. to join the scheme, the purchase of the Yau Wu teacher recommended Man greatest wish is to raise a puppy you like.
enhance practical ability
biology course with the children in depth and in-depth understanding of children themselves. Xuanxuan can not meet with just knowledge and understanding of books knowledge. more like his own, learning the process of fungi, their teachers and an experiment to develop lichen fungi from Yunnan, in the careful observation of different culture stages, shoot down the photos, for your records. studying cell development knowledge of the process, bought their milk and yogurt, the bottle clean and clear, the use of yogurt made yeast, own a bottle of , planted under the It blossoms bloom hh
more love reading books is a human mentor
. kids to develop good reading habits of reading, the future will last a lifetime. plans to seed the day before, the family is based on the book to buy school teachers and their peers parents guide recommendations recommend friends to buy. added to the seed plan, Yau Wu teacher recommended books for children eye-opener, a great deal. Xuanxuan now read books from the fairy tale, to history, science, technology, biography, philosophy and other aspects, covered a wide range. The day before yesterday, and asked the class tutor: If time is gone, then the beginning of time What is it? end where? children to discuss the wide range of topics is evident.
Seed Project, to follow a scientific model, the age corresponding with course syllabi and related implementation details, the way one on one with tutors teaching, Yau Wu teachers through the network to timely guidance to the young age of the child, in the game, in the interest under the guidance of robust, healthy growth. I hope that today the seeds of many hearts, the future can grow into towering trees.
0208 Jinan inaction (children rong, 8-year-old girl, Jinan, Shandong)
2010 年 4 Friday, 23 February
Linyi feel if the parents if the apartment apartment, the boy, nine, Linyi
a year ago, on the education of their children's fears and feelings of helplessness, and the occasional thrill of lasting bonds and seed programs, unforgettable.'m ashamed for various reasons, did not fully implement the guiding ideology of Yau teachers, but also to do some was able to do, see their children change, and very pleased. to report as follows:
I. Altman's previous obsession with children has been without a trace, or even to buy special bags when told, do not buy with Otter Man pattern, boring! had chosen me because it did not understand the cartoon protests, and now look with relish (can only select subtitles with Han, but could hear that there was an individual statement)
Second, the study habits become natural. before the kids like to listen to parents reading to children read a hundred books now, which there are three sets of four, feel funny, have I also fast, so I am surprised that many places can generally repeat.
Third, greater progress of scientific thinking. everyday life occasionally involve some scientific knowledge, adults are back, but to taste. it is no wonder, most children their own reading, some of the knowledge we've never learned to really.
four, self-confidence has increased greatly. Because it is inter-generational dependency, after three or four close at hand, there is also a severe shortage of Canadian and tolerance, resulting in children timid and cowardly. Through the influence of seed programs, more children read, more hands-on, rapid wealth of knowledge, although it is class or not take the initiative to raise their hands to answer questions, but better than a lot of confidence before the lively and cheerful.
the vicinity of the learning methods, there are deficiencies, please correct me Yau teacher:
one, due to remote location, there is no available in the college students, one after another just to find the work of two teachers, practices are not satisfied, the children do not like. through referrals, counseling his own at home . Near the small six months, are about half past eight p.m. the child to bed, and then is learning time, children come from the explorers and discoverers in their own interest to an elected, to read. often when the edge of Reading, children will look up the relevant pictures and text, and then sleep, the children fell asleep reading to the end of the beginning of the second night to ask what he heard, and so he uttered a faint but discernible content, followed by Read on. So far, the Explorer series has finished animal, environmental science, plant cell, astronomy and discoverer of the second volume in the series of animals (the first volume he did not choose)
Second, always concerned about the group chats, to understand the teacher's latest instructions and parents a good experience, especially books and the like, continue to enrich the child's bookcase, sofa, bedside video has been no shortage of books, but also let the children busy a lot of spare time . We do the parents, not idle, always monitor children's reading light, a small table lamp can be moved.
III Experimental weak. as the two parents are learning the arts, the experiment will not only encourage the child yourself. bought 101 and biological experiments in the game of science, the children often wondering, we have been in several successful experiments, but most results are not to his satisfaction. often see Beekman experiment, but added enthusiastic .
Three Rivers Ningning
parents feel
7-year-old in November 2009 we joined the Seed program, you figure it has been 5 months, the first to talk about their feelings a little. join I always have a plan before the idea of a young son to find a tutor, not to learn anything, is to make him to accompany children to play, the son of the energy is very strong, I often educate their children in line to see some of the information, a chance Yau Wu opportunity to see the teacher and a parent chats, I really have a sense of Brief Encounter, seed program attracted me the most is looking for college students as a tutor, and Yau teachers through telephone communication, and other seed parents introduction, less than 3 days I joined the Seed Project, and now it seems really glad to join the Seed Project, not only under the guidance of the teacher in learning Yau, also made a lot of high-quality parents, do not say I have children not a lot of feeling into than the original.
5 months into the program though, because the same teacher did not find a suitable, so remove the winter break 13 on the outside course, and now just on the 5 classes, although the class does not count but I obviously feel that many children are changing, kids love to watch the original cartoons and more addicted to Internet games, but now these phenomena without a little bit, watch TV all the legal channels and discovery, computer games, not one o'clock play, and the teacher recommended Beekman scientific world, traveled the United States, BBC and some other kids not only like to watch the disc and learned a lot of knowledge, and he would ask questions such as: see piranha and he would ask her mother The Tree of Man did not eat it? plane hit a bird in the sky can not die? basketball in the wood floor and bounced high in the tile how different? new problems every day, every question I would tell him Mom is not very clear, we look for in a book together, and now every day at noon and evening before going to bed, he asked her parents to study, such as reading the would say: I like Paul as strong. And I feel more confident than the original children in the school teachers and students liked him, and said he knows many extra-curricular knowledge, his books to school students are rushing to look. studying chemistry, he learned to use often in life, even if sometimes that's wrong, but I encourage him, that he thought in his own, and often experiment on their own initiative, wanted to see what experiment. for music is also more like a class teacher to speak on the folk song material, the grandmother at home Saturday to give us actually sang folk songs of Sichuan, the sun came out beaming, I think that kids are making progress every day, which I feel that since joining the scheme, asked the teacher to correct me. My son first grade, nickname: Ningning
Shanghai and so on and so parents feel
, July 2003 born girl, Shanghai.
in early June 2009 I joined the Seed Project, and now nearly 10 months.
months changes in:
compared to participate in the seed scheme, our daughter the most obvious change is the increased self-confidence many. because she felt she would skillfully using a microscope, while her classmates do not know what the basic microscope, let alone read the cells out. the child since the first grade, so far has been the top few. scores well on the test and the difference We have been very concerned about, not care about the score. good or bad is to encourage her! ten months of the change of view is to get children:
1, basically put an end to watching TV. restrict her first week on Saturdays only the sky, half an hour. Now do not read the basic even for half an hour. like to see
2, the periodic table on the wall at home, the children in biology, chemistry, what experiments were done at home. because it is not very regular chemistry class on the biology class. but very active with the teacher. The problem Many a time when the chattering class keep on asking. Sometimes some of their stories and talk about things at home listening to the teacher.
3, reading was not a lot of aspects to improve. relative put in more than before his reading of the . is mainly limited understanding of the word. every night can not sleep without listening to the story. Sometimes she listens to sleep. sometimes heard the more excited. night to her read the operations are a classic play classical piano. sometimes forget to play out, she felt something missing. and then we forget that play music. the basic play up in the morning is . could understand not a lot. really like inside the To help the poor, to invent universal drugs can cure all diseases, to invent a machine to help the police catch the thief do. A few days ago she said: mid-range of people, no culture, no wealth to the next and others, my father, I grew up a wealth of educated people who do. speak, she remembered those words. She said that the poor can have a good life of wealth.
Summary: Yau seed teachers plan to change our concept of educating children can be calm in this way cultivate children, free from external training agencies. In contrast, the children very happy, she said: growth, it is enough. Thank You-teacher, appreciation Seed Project!
Sichuan Yingxiu Cong Cong children of parents feel
name: Cong Cong (born December 1997) in June 2009 to participate in the seed program Yingxiu
from Aba to get good points for the child's education, we adults work in Aba, to send their children to school in Dujiangyan. generally the weekend to go back, children and grandparents with long-term. Now conditions are good points, we can return every day in Dujiangyan, and children spend more time together more, only to find the child because of his lack of management prior to children learning there are many problems, the child's situation is more serious passive learning. In the 5.12 earthquake, the children not in school we adults do not return to work, and children were found in daily life in school children merely to learn something, he did not desire to learn. It makes me very anxious, though he looks in school You can also, but the child did not own desire to learn, on the high school will be hard for the future.
In this case I started to pay attention on how to educate their children online blog, to see how they educate their children, but also want to learn experience. accidentally saw the teacher's blog Yau, his educational philosophy that shines I really feel there is a Brief Encounter. not hesitate to participate in the seed plan and begin implementation of, the child is also more acceptable in this way. children participate in the program when they are some big, Despite this, nearly a year through the efforts of children has changed little by little, changes in the child in the eyes of hi to me in the heart.
in Yau under the guidance of teachers, buy books at home are more in line with children to see, he likes watching these books slowly. Now, when watching TV much less than before, and often look at the books themselves. weekend Total looking forward to when little brother with him to learn those interesting things, little brother left and then sometimes have to get themselves. in school is not that we worry about him, he should not know what to do what to do after coming home is always the first thing is to finish school work. take a look at their favorite books, learning for him, as is a happy thing.
children the same age as children than know more interesting things, children are more like him, he also received from the inner satisfaction, the child becomes more confident than before.
Changchun Yangyang parents feel
2009 年 11 months, there day in the web search the knowledge about early childhood, inadvertently forwarded a few students found in Yau Bowen seed program teacher, I feel this is a special concept, is a bold approach, because this traditional way of education there are very different.'ve always wanted to learn more about the seed content of the program, so I spent five months time, nothing went to Yau's blog, the teacher to see what new content in the five months , I also try to blog with teachers some of the methods mentioned in the text to guide the children, also buy the and educational methods and the two great works of the early education there are many similarities, but more specific in the operation. I try to remember the beginning of high school, learned their physical and chemical knowledge to the children to do some small experiments, found that children really like it, and every morning and night arguing whether to give him my experiment, I will do the final experiments were done several times, I asked his son, hope will not want to experiment to find a big brother or big sister to give you a lecture , his son said, like, I think I can not wait, and I plan to join the seed, no matter whether the child will be very good, as long as the kids like to learn this form of knowledge is worth a try, so, 2010 of March I officially joined the Seed Project, but membership fee is not the price of November 2009, this number is for our average family spending a small fortune, but for children, and her husband, after discussions, her husband said that I think everything possible to support me, and I am very grateful to him. And so I joined the elderly at home without the knowledge of the seed program, an independent school for your child's space, give him a library, a laboratory, and we lend money to elderly people bought a small size, the original two-bedroom poured out a special to his son, the major issue in the months get, think about if it is the power of the seed program, I would not make such a big decision. 2010 April 15, we begin the first step in the implementation of the Seed Project, go to the university tutor, we have students from the seven found a sunny, cheerful junior boys, we can not wait in April 16 started the first lesson of our biology class, the effect can also be the child's interest has been high. in the plans to join the plan and the actual accession seeds few months, I have been very excited, I think I finally found a can be implemented in a planned way of educating children, I like to find a direction, I plan to seed as my career, from now on, I want to give my son all the attention I paid, I buy books, buy teaching aids, looking for tutor to your child to go the United States, listening to music, paintings, and training manual operation, etc., really full day, ah, which one because if something did not finish, I would blame.
I think Yau teacher is reasonable, a child's learning ability is very strong, a child's brain is actually very amazing, I was pregnant with his son when his father reading fairy tales to him every night, read poetry, his father believe that prenatal care, in fact, it was a fetus, who can not say what he could understand, but he can really hear it, does the prenatal care had been in it, there are results, my son who talk earlier than the average child, ten months When you can say a word and two words of the word, we can simply express their own wishes, his father think it is to his credit, I think there must be a prenatal effect, then he now three years old, he adults can understand, then we might have the class when he did not seem to listen, or did not understand, but it does not matter, as long as he likes to hear, as long as he likes little tutoring, the teacher told the little interest, then there We expect them might surprise us. This is the teacher says: Now the task of sowing, do not ask the results, the results in the future there will be.
I believe: if we continue, everything is possible!! ( Changchun Yangyang-year-old boy)
Chongqing Qiqi parents feel
nickname Qiqi, 4 year and 2 months, female, Chongqing
Qiqi is the July 2009 plan to join the seed to the present So far, a total of 20 sessions on the biology class on June .09 on the Internet when I stumbled Jinhua Qiu Sha conversation with Yau teachers to be attracted to this concept, all aspects of child guidance and influence from, not force, not oppression, let her free, happy to learn and absorb the nutrition knowledge, this is not what I want you. So I immediately joined this group. After that, I am very glad, in this platform energy and parents across the country to share parental advanced concepts, talk about their experiences, do let me get a lot of help.
now Qiqi very fond of reading, especially the science classes, often holding their own books A man sitting on the sofa watching quietly, and once told us the story of almost 10 pages, all recite, verbatim, so we were shocked. practical ability greatly enhanced, it is like to ride in the molecular model, from methane to ethane and then ethanol, and then to ethylene. Carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, a new word coming out from the mouth, air circulation, water cleaning and purification, the operation of the solar system, all kinds of elements to ...... We have a plausible explanation. In music, we were making a color read music, know a lot of music symbols and notes, usually at home playing Chopin, Liszt, Mozart's music, described the life of musician, composer's background, musical form, mode, Qiqi love listening to music sometimes does not kill himself in the dance, although the rhythm is also unstable, but I believe there will be a good development. in English culture, and mainly herself to be not good enough, usually just does not hear, without much success, but her daughter more or less will pop out a few words and simple sentences, pronunciation is basically accurate, to strengthen their future guidance. usually also listened to the story is vivid, the biggest gain is Qiqi heard very good Mandarin, but also to correct my pronunciation. to know the sky fearless, afraid of Sichuan speak Mandarin, at this point I have completely relieved .
daughter full access to all kinds of knowledge, gain confidence and have included. This year in February to do the collective preschool birthday party for his daughter, she confidently recited the classmates and teachers praise; have a family gathering, she secretly came to me, buy asparagus cooking, and she said, For Qi gradually. moraine numerous ring away too, should pack Bailian to Anxi. is the asparagus it? But I would like for a girl who is only 4 years old be considered a good start now, thanks to Yau teachers to provide such a platform, I will keep walking.
Beijing gourd parents feel
nickname: Hulu
Gender: Male
Hometown: Beijing
Birthday: January 4, 2009
Age: 1 year 3 months
into the program Time: January 2009
beginning of the year One day, I was browsing the web when the teacher accidentally discovered the seeds of Yau weapons program, began to visit the teacher's blog Yau. see Yau theory of teacher education, the child later on I immediately resonate with almost the whole night, to immediately to join this program! Yau teachers a lot of theories coincides with my point of view, but I'm just some vague ideas, and Yau teachers have formed a relatively complete theory and implementation methods.
later because of a sick child, things into the program was delayed for some time. children getting better since I joined the Seed program.
do a good job in after a series of preparations, about mid-February this year, I started seeds in the family planning program. small children, initially in English on the piano and the reaction is not great. But two weeks later, I found the child's request for a change, I coax the baby to sleep, he no longer liked me to sing songs, but like adaptation of a number of songs I sing art songs, this is the first change I found.
to now, the children listen to piano music and the time has traveled the United States more than two months, and now the child will take the initiative to ask me to open the Sound Although he can not speak. tune in to hear the rhythmic, he would command the same rhythm as the band waved, looked very happy.
see the children a little bit of change, I am sincerely happy. really grateful to Yau teacher!
2009 年 4 月 22 日
parents feel children
Beijing Yu Yu child my son, 6 years old, we live in Beijing. I have been on the exam-oriented education concerns, fear of children to adapt to No, a waste of valuable time to fight the sea tactical. see Yau teacher's
2009 年 11 month we joined the seeds, with a month to understand the weekly classes; in March 2010 after the twice-weekly classes, like the biological children are learning, the teacher questions about the child side, daring to say to the teacher their own ideas, the list will know from their own; sometimes use Look smear microscopy, molecular modeling play. is now probably on the 16 plant biology class, even though children are very active and appears to play while you learn, but the tutor or listen to his response to you, to tell the teacher talked about the content. I felt that the effectiveness of learning, learning for children than spoon-feeding is more effective.
seed programs we implement are no obstacles in English and music, usually arranged to see some kind of scientific knowledge of books, see Beek Manco learn the world, reducing watching cartoons, and now is almost non .
I want my children to all-round development, in addition to learning the knowledge, but also knowledge of astronomy and geography, knowledge of musical art. the child's sensitive nature and love of music, year-old finished the piano for less than three, but the way the original to the piano ...
Thursday, February 24, 2011
(To) talk about the Constitution all six people on July 5 -2007 730 the evening of Zhongnan University of ...
Six people talk about the constitution in July 2007 recording issued on the evening of 5 7:30 Man Wang Zhongnan University of Economics on the first floor conference room
(trimmer at: time when the school held theory of Zhongnan University of Economics, Institute of Constitutional organized the chaired the meeting. I also had the opportunity to listen to the lectures, to see you for everyone's style. The following is the main part of the seminar, all of which I am under the lecture transcripts. To maintain the integrity of the seminar, I do not have any changes, errors of the Department hopes Students can point out. The transcripts are unable to attend the students to make up for regret, but also all of you I once again feel the academic style of the unique opportunity to study and discussion purposes only, if friends desire reproduced Jacky or other, please specify Source and cherish my little labors, thank you)
week leaves:
last Korean teachers say, the time left us mainly Lin, Professor Xiao Jiao professor there. I do, in front to First off the ground, behind them, the main please. because today we talk about the Constitution, there is no clear theme, then I think, ah, to our recent and current trends in Chinese political development of a constitution for the opportunities and challenges, it said that this aspect of the topic.
because we all know, ah, this Shiliu Da, we proposed the building of a socialist political civilization, political civilization, it is actually the core of the constitutional culture. then it is a constitutional fundamental civilization requirement is that the ruling party as the country gcd, should govern according to the Constitution. So September 15, 2004 Xiao-Hu, general secretary of a major speech at the Great Hall, I think this speech, which he stressed the importance of the rule of law first, According to the Constitution, The first is by constitution law governing power, it should be said that when the political development of democracy in China stressed the importance of building socialist political civilization, when the constitutional construction to China provides a very good opportunity, but also have a very broad platform. then practice proof, it should say, the past five years, ah, my own experience, although the request from us, or that we pursue this constitutional ideal of a distance, as if this distance is great, but in the current situation , because yesterday morning and met with Korean teachers, and yesterday afternoon it is the China Central Television to record a tribute to the party's congress program --- with the times, I had the afternoon to talk about a bit of CCTV which specifically aspects of the topic, one of my overall experience is five years or the whole of the development trend is good. then such a development process, how do we as a constitutional scholar, or interested in constitutional theory students , how can grasp such an opportunity to face such a new trend, with our own actions to find space for the development of constitutional law, so a few years ago I proposed to the Constitution we should be thinking gcd power, it should be said that such a proposition, from my own understanding of the situation, and now more and more we are accepted by leading cadres at all levels, and then said that the Constitution of thinking is that all citizens should have. I emphasize, first, ruling party, should be thought of constitutional power, and then all of our leading cadres should be based on the constitution of such a form of thinking through the grasping spirit of the Constitution, based on the Constitution, the Constitution and the constitutional authority of the value of a familiar setting for their own objectives , resulting in the use of power, when in charge of related matters, truly from the implementation of the constitution since the constitution can be properly implemented, are implemented, then China's constitutional construction it can find a very good foundation for the development, then once so, our socialist political civilization to really embark on a new phase. So here I am thinking mainly about why the Constitution, we have mentioned is a constitutional concept, awareness of the Constitution, the Constitution and the constitutional concept of awareness of both their distinction between the how, when I originally proposed this concept, I thought, I said that the concept of the constitution or constitutional sense, refers to people's awareness and understanding of the Constitution, for example, what is the Constitution, our Constitution what was in it, then through the formation of such an awareness and understanding of the basics of the Constitution, basic content, a comprehensive grasp. So what is the constitution of thinking, the Constitution of thinking is that people use it to emphasize awareness and understanding of the Constitution to think and solve problems habits and ways. Well then that is their biggest difference between the two, the Constitution is what the concept is the Constitution, what was in it, the Constitution of thinking is on this basis to analyze and solve problems. So we all over the country with some leading cadres for the report, was the original, I remember that in our large lecture Zhongnan time to talked about this issue, I asked many leaders, I said in the closed decision-making before you, your The first reaction is not a policy, almost all of the leading comrades of all that is the case, I say that it should be reversed, and then to be closed, and then to decision-making, your first response should be the law, above all, the Constitution. So the formation of the Constitution of thinking, the Constitution can not be thinking of our leading cadres at all levels, the ruling party of our Chinese gcd can not form the basis of such a, ah, related to the development of democracy in China. So in fact, I have also had the constitutional thinking it summarizes several characteristics, for example, your basic, for example, macroeconomic, democracy, overall, the basic features of such an analysis it is mainly based on the characteristics of the contents of the Constitution, the spirit of the Constitution through such a kinds of features, the last to do such a generalization, but such a practice of constitutional thought, ah, I think it is not just for the party cadres that it can play a role, an important role, in fact, our legal theorists and even other learning , on other branches of law comrades, I even think it is very necessary, and why once we have to. you example < then linked with, that I had not just published an article in this area, most recently the children of our teacher, he compiled the magazine Wei <> ; sixth article, that also had a good effect, so some of the original research report I compiled some of the content of what was published in the <>, then in fact the case here, so I had some understanding of the formation of my own the feeling of thinking is based on the Constitution, then thinking based on the constitution of such a perspective to the framework of the Taiwan issue and how to give qualitative, how to grasp, then our overall strategy of the formation how to can stand on our own initiative , resulting in a coordinated cross-Strait relations and related to such areas can not firmly grasp the initiative we have, it should be said that this is now proved such a purpose has been achieved.
As for the other, then I would also like to say that, you like, including my great forum not long ago in this century, when speaking, and later some viewers wrote me after reading many letters to me when I say we put forward should now be the content of the constitution There is a new understanding to attach importance to specification and management of time should be from the past , think about, because I speak that may be very simple, but its such an idea, I always feel like you said we had is what the CPC Central Committee, and State Department to do it, the party committee decided the Government to implement this in the rule of law, law governing the process that is very inappropriate, but when if we run from the theoretical and concrete political process can give the status of the constitutional then our civilization, including the construction of our rule of law, it can gradually towards such a goal to advance, because I just said the words, we have come Mok, their new particularly large number of ideas, we do talk about a truth, now read the book too, so there is no more to say other, I thought everyone thought then sell the constitution, the other on ; of such a topic of concern and would like to draw everyone's attention, otherwise your light we say that we want to talk about how you have to how China, we can not present such a resource reference, because I have always advocated that we should fully good use of existing resources, the Constitution, this is the rule of law and constitutional construction is very important direction, if you do not like in China is based on a state to make good use of existing resources, the Constitution, then you just talk about some The touch something as far-fetched, the modern solution to the problem of state or have some restrictions, some scholars have, we have also repeatedly Korean teachers assert that the existing constitution can be implemented very well, very good implement, in fact, many problems can be very good. But now we tell the truth, when our defense this year, the annual doctoral defense, we have already mentioned, we are now the students do not see constitutional provisions, do not look, I say you learned this as a constitutional MA, PhD, constitutional provisions you do not take you to see, read on, how can you be called a qualified constitutional, administrative law master's, Ph.D., of course, we have constitutional scholars A famous professor once said: We'll have to hold congress, which congress for political and democratic rule of law in particular, this one will have some new things, so I compared to less sprawling, that is, so I think now the main problem areas , then I say that initiate more time to please us back several experts, asking them to talk with you, thank you. (Applause)
Han Dayuan:
Mok come, introduce you to , do you introduce yourself, new here.
Liu Maolin:
find an opportunity that I was going to talk to, um, ah just the students who are late, late the professor, not the students, ah, is Professor Mo Jihong, what Professor Mo Jihong, China Academy of Social Sciences of the constitutional chamber of Law, Deputy Director (laughter), vice president of the Chinese Constitution Society, we welcomed him with applause. (applause) < br> Mo Jihong:
just leaves is the first to speak the language, I down a bit, Professor Zhou feel about this topic, ah, come before this that Professor Wang also said to me, and talk about their own interest things, I think what the problem is complex, to be sure that the problem of what constitutional scholars are interested in it, I personally feel afraid that all issues should be interested in the spacecraft up to heaven, down to that, that what, mine The accident was it, heaven into the earth, to be interested in any problems, that is, the middle of our minds must have a constitution for the whole school of thinking and to give an answer, especially the Constitution as the fundamental law of of such a subject, then what does the fundamental law? then it is the highest law, then that is another subject of law can not solve the problem, the final Constitution must be answered, so the Constitution out of ah, in fact, it is both a kinds of nebulae, is a misfortune, the so-called unfortunate, in fact, what is it, the Constitution, ah, because you study the fundamental law of all of your requirements too high, too high for the requirements of constitutional scholars, that is, you do not want to to understand something, others do not do, what think you of this Constitution, then how do you did not respond to this question, I remember a few years ago, we always affected by this attack, what the then the jurisprudence, the law shall be given a higher expectation of what that means you have to understand, this is the problem that is not clear that we must ultimately make you make it clear that in fact we do not have this capability, so this is an unfortunate . We can not cope with the academic ability of a society of our requirements, of course, is a lucky, lucky what? in a strong pressure ah, forcing other people thought about our place in the number of people want to find vain The.
so I think words are just that Professor Zhou say I very much agree with that thinking Constitution can be used in various fields. Due to time constraints I do not want to take you all, there are opinions you ---- hidden in the mind, then I think that is here, in particular, would like to emphasize one does, that the Constitution of ah, but also pay attention to details, because the success depends on the details of ah, ah a lot of the problem, then the Constitution You made this subject itself to what extent, constitutional provide you with this issue of such weapons, ways of thinking, in the end have no effect, the key in a number of smaller issues that you can come up with some very solid program, I think This is it, may have previously ignored by us, not only the Constitution does it talk, the four basic principles or the principle of popular sovereignty that the Constitution to limit state power to protect human rights, not only these things, the key question is how to these principles, these things flying in the sky, to put it down, ah, the actual fall, flowering, to solve some small problems, so I think it, one hand, constitutional scholars of the Constitution itself as a system a product, then it is going to solve a variety of different problems, such as in the middle of the legislative process, administrative process in the middle of the middle in the process of judicial practice, we will relate to how to deal with the constitution, what constitution , how the spirit of the Constitution of the principles and norms of specific legislation applied to the middle to go, then this, in fact, the problem in the middle of the discussion of foreign constitutional law is relatively warm, for instance, the past, many of our teachers that is not in that justice for the middle of the Constitution, in fact, this is only one aspect of the legislative process in the middle of it also applies to constitutional issues need to, then many countries are discussing now is a foreign constitution, knowledge of foreign law, in the end how far we can go with knowledge of foreign law, then this is the recent trend of international development of constitutional scholars, so I think it should be for the, ah, is to use the knowledge to analyze the constitutional issues should be very detailed, very specific question should be concerned about, then This is just about in the system, in theory, it also needs to care about some very minor problems.
do so last month, I attended several meetings of a very dramatic, I think so, indeed many problems ah was previously not well thought about, but it all relates to some of the basic theory of constitutional law issues. For example it last week, last week I returned from abroad, to coincide Beijing People's Congress to draft to Beijing, which have to let me go to the floor, I said I did not write that speech, ah, it says here you will be able to speak, Nengkan, I said it can not just McCain, ah, I always find I have to McCain --- other people thought about the question, but it is a constitutional issue, of course, after listening to it, feel the need to study, and then I went to the opened a lot of talk on a lot, but there is a problem I used to have no well thought of, is it? Standing Committee may delegate the implementation of laws and regulations to supervise the lower level people's congress, then the Who is commissioning? What is the commission's right of entry? who is commissioning? previously said the Constitution does not? So if you are 24 the law on supervision in Beijing that it did not say anything, the theory behind not and will not know So the key is your Standing Committee in Beijing, you want to study and formulate measures for implementation supervision law in Beijing, you gotta clever than the supervision of law that you always have to take it that the system entrusted with the supervision requirements of more specific so that everybody will know where to look I've seen. So I was pondering on this issue to try to make something go, grew more and more conflicts, the more confused, because we the supervision law also provides that section 2 of the Standing Committee at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the law the exercise of supervision, here are some other provisions, this one in essence, is authorized to monitor, that is, the Standing Committee at all levels, you can under the Constitution, the law authorized the monitoring, then suddenly There are two concepts: one called authorize the Authority, entrusted with the supervision of a call. So the two concepts in the end what is the relationship? When I (the supervisor) is authorized to monitor, when is entrusted with the supervision? this problem looks like clear in essence do not know, you really put it into concrete provisions, system, unclear. we had, ah, always stressed the supervision of the Constitution, then how to solve? It is a very detailed questions, there is no way I was, I had worked to try to make something, think of an idea, this idea leads to the supervisor at once and being the relationship between the supervisor, if the past is often mentioned in the Constitution the middle of the problem From ancient Greece had this problem, but I then think about it, if related to our entrusted with the supervision and authorization of supervision, if these two issues to explain it, it is a problem. you like that entrusted with the supervision, It is the concept? entrusted with the supervision of the normal supervision of the principal issues for their proper supervision of full capacity, then it should be what? The first is entrusted with the supervision ah, it should be built on the basis of self-monitoring, for example, I set the laws, regulations, then under the protection of the general laws and regulations are implemented and the authority of their own point of view, I developed the law of course, I have the right to supervision. but this does not mean I do have to monitor, I might the matter to the individual subject to the supervision of another, but it is the behavior of all of its supervision, are subject to my control, what is a delegate? This is also the commission and the authority of law in the middle of the whole problem is not solved, and when should be commission should be authorized when there is no resolve, the so-called commission, in fact, the main body must be entrusted to it, actual, will it really have such a subject, then the matter is entrusted to the principal he can delegate full authority to deal with. For example, the NPC National People's Congress Standing Committee to formulate its own laws, I have no right to supervise? certainly has the right to monitor, supervise and I did not right, then who will protect my implementation of the laws are, ah, so first I had self-supervision , I did not need everything the NPC Standing Committee enacted the law on my monitor, I can delegate to matters entrusted to another individual or subordinate body to supervise the NPC, then I have the right to self-monitor, so I can be entrusted to it monitoring, so the subject has been commissioned to monitor the situation in the end, I can always correct it, I can also responsible for the conduct of its supervision. So this is the case, should it ah, this is the only self-monitoring to be established in order to have entrusted with the supervision of the establishment, from this point of view, Standing commission to supervise lower level, where it did not say clearly, that NPC Standing Committee can not delegate to the laws enacted by the NPC Standing Committee to supervise Hubei, the Hubei Provincial People's Congress of Hubei Province People's Congress has no power to delegate local laws and regulations enacted following a county people's congress of Hubei Province Standing Committee to supervise? no one before this question is to study ah! but if you go to study, you will find the problem comes, here comes to the basic theory of constitutional law issues, the commission is my right to come from? why some I will be commissioned when a subject, sometimes through the authorization, licensing occurs under what conditions? this problem do not know, ah, in fact, often that is authorized to monitor the things I put my package to another subject, the remaining things I'll teach you how to do, I will not care, then this may be authorized to monitor, then why are entrusted with the supervision of the case also authorized to monitor it? then clearly we can see that it is authorized to monitor an abstract type of authorization, it Apparently even more conducive to the protection of the rights entrusted to himself. So how this problem be solved? which is authorized to monitor the situation? Under what circumstances is entrusted with the supervision, while supervision of your example, the Constitution, it is a do or a mandate entrusted to supervise supervision? from the constitution in theory, I tend to be authorized to monitor, because the main body of the Constitution it is the people development, it is a governmental concept, some of it is not a real subject. So the constitution drawn up after the need for supervision, then the people can not, as As the legislature is a real body, so it only through the concept of the rule of law, through the process method, where only authorized, can not be commissioned. your body does not exist delegate, delegate the subject is assumed, this problem may be in the the middle of the previous constitutional theory, legal theory in the middle of supervision is not involved, but it is a very small problem, but when you correct for this small problem, you will find that you fully grasp the constitutional theory does not apply . So I think the Constitution ah, it is to develop, is also in detail, and constitutional scholars to be able to continue the development of such law in Beijing under a big voice, but also the details that we can, we can provide a More importantly, the program, enabling other law does not include subject knowledge, and, in turn, we can provide it with guidance. then I think the development of our Constitution certainly have a future.
other details so I will not say, I give another example, the last in China Politics and Law, it is Chinese and Japanese scholars on the registration of title of property law, a seminar, they have to call me to go from a constitutional standpoint, I thought that this how to talk, no property rights because the Constitution the concept of red, ah, how do you pull a hard pull students interpreted this constitutional issues it Right, I was caught I was a problem, Japanese scholars introduced, it has a Private Property Act, but the problem One thing is that we compare in Japan, when the time on land expropriation and requisition, when the National People's Congress of Mo on the River (we call him Mok a, ah, ah I called Professor Mok II), he talked a lot, He said that our entire collection system, particularly among the collection of rural land, how do we not take care of the interests of farmers, we have adequate compensation, the compensation standard is not enough, the farmer's right to ignore, these things are not right, we should establish a rational, proper compensation, to the Japanese in line to the British and American, France, Germany and other countries to follow. I thought there were constitutional issues, from the text point of view, we have the constitutional amendment in 2004 based on the national public interest the need for expropriation and requisition, its two terms, ah, the expropriation of private property is a clause on the expropriation of land is another clause, which is the same system, if so, why write two do it? So it is clear on the expropriation of land can not be fully applicable to the expropriation of private property, we now for the collective ownership of rural land expropriation and requisition, Are we the expropriation of its property rights it? not the case, although our on the nature of the rural collective economy of its collective economic rights, that we are mainly provided by the Village Committee Organization Law, and that is what the law says we now have clear, who the rural collective land ownership is the rural collective economic organizations ? Or that the actual contract land of the villagers, or that the land on the collective decision of the farmers, no. then for the rural collective of villagers, he is that he enjoys the rights of the land is by shares, or joint tenancy? What is his legal right to claim the right to request, is there? no! another one, when the government went to the time of land acquisition, although this land is my contract, it is this collective compensation for the villagers, I have no land, and there may be other people from the village to give you adjust, but also allows you to farm the land, so there is a problem, when the state land when it faces compensation and whom, so we can see that from the constitutional point of view, this land collectively owned by farmers the right to not have all our standard sense of right nature, it can not come into the field of private law, but also by policy factors and guidance, so this question should be clear From the constitutional point of view need to consider this issue.
I do not want to take too much time, but I found that if we really as a serious constitutional scholars, we are thinking to consider the issue of constitutional, then any place can be found very good The constitutional questions. Thank you. (Applause)
Han Dayuan:
the time to grasp a very good, the following statement from the forest to the Vatican teacher.
Lin Vatican:
very happy to come to South Africa attractive, over a year, I think about last year are over, as if no words to talk about. did not do anything because of the recent scholarship, cervical and bad. more pressure today, ah, you see we are all sitting on the stage ah I was the only one not, and they are often on my blog, like the singer (laughter), then the teacher Korea is the country's teacher, the teacher leaves this week is very powerful, I dare not speak the same table with him, because he of this lecture techniques, skills, state is very high, sound self-assured ah, but also with gestures, gestures are also very beautiful (laughter), No commentary on the teacher, but in private, saying that very smooth, with his right (laughter), but only my eloquence is very poor, I feel, because my lecture, some students take it finishing recording notes, recording lectures I used looked bad, there are wrong sentences, incomplete sentences, I criticized the students, how does this sound recording is issued, he said Lin, you mean like this (laughter), then on, I feel, , I like many academics are not the same, I do not have to face the leading cadres to make a speech, sometimes to the place to talk, I feel very bad effect, they regard us as the old scholar, but they are afraid, they say you These laws are out to control us, to control our power, so that people who engage in legal fate is such, then I transfer the battlefield, primarily to students, today I am talking about the main content is so shallow level problem, what is behind the constitutional provisions.
I recently was thinking, what is behind the constitutional provisions. just weeks teacher mentioned, we should be familiar with the provisions of the Constitution, I think this, ah, now in our constitutional scholars continue to form a consensus. we learn of public law, or that studying law in college, learned a few years, the constitutional provisions have never seen, and sometimes do not understand there are several provisions of the Constitution, it is finished.
constitutional provisions familiar, it has to apply constitutional provisions, it is necessary to interpret the provisions of the Constitution, you should explain how to get to? the constitutional provisions related to the back to what such a problem. constitutional provision is clear in front of what we have is a complicated social issues, including the case. But what is behind it? behind constitutional provisions at least two things, one is the norm here is to note that a lot of people as the constitutional provisions for constitutional norms, from the broad sense, is established However, scholars of public international law is now the world fame Robert.Alexy his view, normative statements and normative statements is not the same, only the former constitutional provision, so that the specification is hidden behind the provisions in the constitution. Then there is also behind the constitutional provisions one thing, it is thought. For example, mature constitutional provisions in the international constitutional state, the provisions of their constitution is something behind it, what thoughts? I think first of all you can think of liberal thought, Why? because the Constitution is one of the most important goal is actually to protect the value of human freedom, then there are many constitutional provisions protect the fundamental rights provisions, which are mostly based on the liberal from the development, we can see, such as Locke said earlier, Locke in the its subsequent international constitutionalism significant impact. then the United States Constitution can be said that a written constitution in human history, it has absorbed this thought Locke, but Locke this classification is not directly written to the United States constitutional texts, when not writing, first written
(trimmer at: time when the school held theory of Zhongnan University of Economics, Institute of Constitutional organized the chaired the meeting. I also had the opportunity to listen to the lectures, to see you for everyone's style. The following is the main part of the seminar, all of which I am under the lecture transcripts. To maintain the integrity of the seminar, I do not have any changes, errors of the Department hopes Students can point out. The transcripts are unable to attend the students to make up for regret, but also all of you I once again feel the academic style of the unique opportunity to study and discussion purposes only, if friends desire reproduced Jacky or other, please specify Source and cherish my little labors, thank you)
week leaves:
last Korean teachers say, the time left us mainly Lin, Professor Xiao Jiao professor there. I do, in front to First off the ground, behind them, the main please. because today we talk about the Constitution, there is no clear theme, then I think, ah, to our recent and current trends in Chinese political development of a constitution for the opportunities and challenges, it said that this aspect of the topic.
because we all know, ah, this Shiliu Da, we proposed the building of a socialist political civilization, political civilization, it is actually the core of the constitutional culture. then it is a constitutional fundamental civilization requirement is that the ruling party as the country gcd, should govern according to the Constitution. So September 15, 2004 Xiao-Hu, general secretary of a major speech at the Great Hall, I think this speech, which he stressed the importance of the rule of law first, According to the Constitution, The first is by constitution law governing power, it should be said that when the political development of democracy in China stressed the importance of building socialist political civilization, when the constitutional construction to China provides a very good opportunity, but also have a very broad platform. then practice proof, it should say, the past five years, ah, my own experience, although the request from us, or that we pursue this constitutional ideal of a distance, as if this distance is great, but in the current situation , because yesterday morning and met with Korean teachers, and yesterday afternoon it is the China Central Television to record a tribute to the party's congress program --- with the times, I had the afternoon to talk about a bit of CCTV which specifically aspects of the topic, one of my overall experience is five years or the whole of the development trend is good. then such a development process, how do we as a constitutional scholar, or interested in constitutional theory students , how can grasp such an opportunity to face such a new trend, with our own actions to find space for the development of constitutional law, so a few years ago I proposed to the Constitution we should be thinking gcd power, it should be said that such a proposition, from my own understanding of the situation, and now more and more we are accepted by leading cadres at all levels, and then said that the Constitution of thinking is that all citizens should have. I emphasize, first, ruling party, should be thought of constitutional power, and then all of our leading cadres should be based on the constitution of such a form of thinking through the grasping spirit of the Constitution, based on the Constitution, the Constitution and the constitutional authority of the value of a familiar setting for their own objectives , resulting in the use of power, when in charge of related matters, truly from the implementation of the constitution since the constitution can be properly implemented, are implemented, then China's constitutional construction it can find a very good foundation for the development, then once so, our socialist political civilization to really embark on a new phase. So here I am thinking mainly about why the Constitution, we have mentioned is a constitutional concept, awareness of the Constitution, the Constitution and the constitutional concept of awareness of both their distinction between the how, when I originally proposed this concept, I thought, I said that the concept of the constitution or constitutional sense, refers to people's awareness and understanding of the Constitution, for example, what is the Constitution, our Constitution what was in it, then through the formation of such an awareness and understanding of the basics of the Constitution, basic content, a comprehensive grasp. So what is the constitution of thinking, the Constitution of thinking is that people use it to emphasize awareness and understanding of the Constitution to think and solve problems habits and ways. Well then that is their biggest difference between the two, the Constitution is what the concept is the Constitution, what was in it, the Constitution of thinking is on this basis to analyze and solve problems. So we all over the country with some leading cadres for the report, was the original, I remember that in our large lecture Zhongnan time to talked about this issue, I asked many leaders, I said in the closed decision-making before you, your The first reaction is not a policy, almost all of the leading comrades of all that is the case, I say that it should be reversed, and then to be closed, and then to decision-making, your first response should be the law, above all, the Constitution. So the formation of the Constitution of thinking, the Constitution can not be thinking of our leading cadres at all levels, the ruling party of our Chinese gcd can not form the basis of such a, ah, related to the development of democracy in China. So in fact, I have also had the constitutional thinking it summarizes several characteristics, for example, your basic, for example, macroeconomic, democracy, overall, the basic features of such an analysis it is mainly based on the characteristics of the contents of the Constitution, the spirit of the Constitution through such a kinds of features, the last to do such a generalization, but such a practice of constitutional thought, ah, I think it is not just for the party cadres that it can play a role, an important role, in fact, our legal theorists and even other learning , on other branches of law comrades, I even think it is very necessary, and why once we have to. you example < then linked with, that I had not just published an article in this area, most recently the children of our teacher, he compiled the magazine Wei <> ; sixth article, that also had a good effect, so some of the original research report I compiled some of the content of what was published in the <>, then in fact the case here, so I had some understanding of the formation of my own the feeling of thinking is based on the Constitution, then thinking based on the constitution of such a perspective to the framework of the Taiwan issue and how to give qualitative, how to grasp, then our overall strategy of the formation how to can stand on our own initiative , resulting in a coordinated cross-Strait relations and related to such areas can not firmly grasp the initiative we have, it should be said that this is now proved such a purpose has been achieved.
As for the other, then I would also like to say that, you like, including my great forum not long ago in this century, when speaking, and later some viewers wrote me after reading many letters to me when I say we put forward should now be the content of the constitution There is a new understanding to attach importance to specification and management of time should be from the past , think about, because I speak that may be very simple, but its such an idea, I always feel like you said we had is what the CPC Central Committee, and State Department to do it, the party committee decided the Government to implement this in the rule of law, law governing the process that is very inappropriate, but when if we run from the theoretical and concrete political process can give the status of the constitutional then our civilization, including the construction of our rule of law, it can gradually towards such a goal to advance, because I just said the words, we have come Mok, their new particularly large number of ideas, we do talk about a truth, now read the book too, so there is no more to say other, I thought everyone thought then sell the constitution, the other on ; of such a topic of concern and would like to draw everyone's attention, otherwise your light we say that we want to talk about how you have to how China, we can not present such a resource reference, because I have always advocated that we should fully good use of existing resources, the Constitution, this is the rule of law and constitutional construction is very important direction, if you do not like in China is based on a state to make good use of existing resources, the Constitution, then you just talk about some The touch something as far-fetched, the modern solution to the problem of state or have some restrictions, some scholars have, we have also repeatedly Korean teachers assert that the existing constitution can be implemented very well, very good implement, in fact, many problems can be very good. But now we tell the truth, when our defense this year, the annual doctoral defense, we have already mentioned, we are now the students do not see constitutional provisions, do not look, I say you learned this as a constitutional MA, PhD, constitutional provisions you do not take you to see, read on, how can you be called a qualified constitutional, administrative law master's, Ph.D., of course, we have constitutional scholars A famous professor once said: We'll have to hold congress, which congress for political and democratic rule of law in particular, this one will have some new things, so I compared to less sprawling, that is, so I think now the main problem areas , then I say that initiate more time to please us back several experts, asking them to talk with you, thank you. (Applause)
Han Dayuan:
Mok come, introduce you to , do you introduce yourself, new here.
Liu Maolin:
find an opportunity that I was going to talk to, um, ah just the students who are late, late the professor, not the students, ah, is Professor Mo Jihong, what Professor Mo Jihong, China Academy of Social Sciences of the constitutional chamber of Law, Deputy Director (laughter), vice president of the Chinese Constitution Society, we welcomed him with applause. (applause) < br> Mo Jihong:
just leaves is the first to speak the language, I down a bit, Professor Zhou feel about this topic, ah, come before this that Professor Wang also said to me, and talk about their own interest things, I think what the problem is complex, to be sure that the problem of what constitutional scholars are interested in it, I personally feel afraid that all issues should be interested in the spacecraft up to heaven, down to that, that what, mine The accident was it, heaven into the earth, to be interested in any problems, that is, the middle of our minds must have a constitution for the whole school of thinking and to give an answer, especially the Constitution as the fundamental law of of such a subject, then what does the fundamental law? then it is the highest law, then that is another subject of law can not solve the problem, the final Constitution must be answered, so the Constitution out of ah, in fact, it is both a kinds of nebulae, is a misfortune, the so-called unfortunate, in fact, what is it, the Constitution, ah, because you study the fundamental law of all of your requirements too high, too high for the requirements of constitutional scholars, that is, you do not want to to understand something, others do not do, what think you of this Constitution, then how do you did not respond to this question, I remember a few years ago, we always affected by this attack, what the then the jurisprudence, the law shall be given a higher expectation of what that means you have to understand, this is the problem that is not clear that we must ultimately make you make it clear that in fact we do not have this capability, so this is an unfortunate . We can not cope with the academic ability of a society of our requirements, of course, is a lucky, lucky what? in a strong pressure ah, forcing other people thought about our place in the number of people want to find vain The.
so I think words are just that Professor Zhou say I very much agree with that thinking Constitution can be used in various fields. Due to time constraints I do not want to take you all, there are opinions you ---- hidden in the mind, then I think that is here, in particular, would like to emphasize one does, that the Constitution of ah, but also pay attention to details, because the success depends on the details of ah, ah a lot of the problem, then the Constitution You made this subject itself to what extent, constitutional provide you with this issue of such weapons, ways of thinking, in the end have no effect, the key in a number of smaller issues that you can come up with some very solid program, I think This is it, may have previously ignored by us, not only the Constitution does it talk, the four basic principles or the principle of popular sovereignty that the Constitution to limit state power to protect human rights, not only these things, the key question is how to these principles, these things flying in the sky, to put it down, ah, the actual fall, flowering, to solve some small problems, so I think it, one hand, constitutional scholars of the Constitution itself as a system a product, then it is going to solve a variety of different problems, such as in the middle of the legislative process, administrative process in the middle of the middle in the process of judicial practice, we will relate to how to deal with the constitution, what constitution , how the spirit of the Constitution of the principles and norms of specific legislation applied to the middle to go, then this, in fact, the problem in the middle of the discussion of foreign constitutional law is relatively warm, for instance, the past, many of our teachers that is not in that justice for the middle of the Constitution, in fact, this is only one aspect of the legislative process in the middle of it also applies to constitutional issues need to, then many countries are discussing now is a foreign constitution, knowledge of foreign law, in the end how far we can go with knowledge of foreign law, then this is the recent trend of international development of constitutional scholars, so I think it should be for the, ah, is to use the knowledge to analyze the constitutional issues should be very detailed, very specific question should be concerned about, then This is just about in the system, in theory, it also needs to care about some very minor problems.
do so last month, I attended several meetings of a very dramatic, I think so, indeed many problems ah was previously not well thought about, but it all relates to some of the basic theory of constitutional law issues. For example it last week, last week I returned from abroad, to coincide Beijing People's Congress to draft to Beijing, which have to let me go to the floor, I said I did not write that speech, ah, it says here you will be able to speak, Nengkan, I said it can not just McCain, ah, I always find I have to McCain --- other people thought about the question, but it is a constitutional issue, of course, after listening to it, feel the need to study, and then I went to the opened a lot of talk on a lot, but there is a problem I used to have no well thought of, is it? Standing Committee may delegate the implementation of laws and regulations to supervise the lower level people's congress, then the Who is commissioning? What is the commission's right of entry? who is commissioning? previously said the Constitution does not? So if you are 24 the law on supervision in Beijing that it did not say anything, the theory behind not and will not know So the key is your Standing Committee in Beijing, you want to study and formulate measures for implementation supervision law in Beijing, you gotta clever than the supervision of law that you always have to take it that the system entrusted with the supervision requirements of more specific so that everybody will know where to look I've seen. So I was pondering on this issue to try to make something go, grew more and more conflicts, the more confused, because we the supervision law also provides that section 2 of the Standing Committee at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the law the exercise of supervision, here are some other provisions, this one in essence, is authorized to monitor, that is, the Standing Committee at all levels, you can under the Constitution, the law authorized the monitoring, then suddenly There are two concepts: one called authorize the Authority, entrusted with the supervision of a call. So the two concepts in the end what is the relationship? When I (the supervisor) is authorized to monitor, when is entrusted with the supervision? this problem looks like clear in essence do not know, you really put it into concrete provisions, system, unclear. we had, ah, always stressed the supervision of the Constitution, then how to solve? It is a very detailed questions, there is no way I was, I had worked to try to make something, think of an idea, this idea leads to the supervisor at once and being the relationship between the supervisor, if the past is often mentioned in the Constitution the middle of the problem From ancient Greece had this problem, but I then think about it, if related to our entrusted with the supervision and authorization of supervision, if these two issues to explain it, it is a problem. you like that entrusted with the supervision, It is the concept? entrusted with the supervision of the normal supervision of the principal issues for their proper supervision of full capacity, then it should be what? The first is entrusted with the supervision ah, it should be built on the basis of self-monitoring, for example, I set the laws, regulations, then under the protection of the general laws and regulations are implemented and the authority of their own point of view, I developed the law of course, I have the right to supervision. but this does not mean I do have to monitor, I might the matter to the individual subject to the supervision of another, but it is the behavior of all of its supervision, are subject to my control, what is a delegate? This is also the commission and the authority of law in the middle of the whole problem is not solved, and when should be commission should be authorized when there is no resolve, the so-called commission, in fact, the main body must be entrusted to it, actual, will it really have such a subject, then the matter is entrusted to the principal he can delegate full authority to deal with. For example, the NPC National People's Congress Standing Committee to formulate its own laws, I have no right to supervise? certainly has the right to monitor, supervise and I did not right, then who will protect my implementation of the laws are, ah, so first I had self-supervision , I did not need everything the NPC Standing Committee enacted the law on my monitor, I can delegate to matters entrusted to another individual or subordinate body to supervise the NPC, then I have the right to self-monitor, so I can be entrusted to it monitoring, so the subject has been commissioned to monitor the situation in the end, I can always correct it, I can also responsible for the conduct of its supervision. So this is the case, should it ah, this is the only self-monitoring to be established in order to have entrusted with the supervision of the establishment, from this point of view, Standing commission to supervise lower level, where it did not say clearly, that NPC Standing Committee can not delegate to the laws enacted by the NPC Standing Committee to supervise Hubei, the Hubei Provincial People's Congress of Hubei Province People's Congress has no power to delegate local laws and regulations enacted following a county people's congress of Hubei Province Standing Committee to supervise? no one before this question is to study ah! but if you go to study, you will find the problem comes, here comes to the basic theory of constitutional law issues, the commission is my right to come from? why some I will be commissioned when a subject, sometimes through the authorization, licensing occurs under what conditions? this problem do not know, ah, in fact, often that is authorized to monitor the things I put my package to another subject, the remaining things I'll teach you how to do, I will not care, then this may be authorized to monitor, then why are entrusted with the supervision of the case also authorized to monitor it? then clearly we can see that it is authorized to monitor an abstract type of authorization, it Apparently even more conducive to the protection of the rights entrusted to himself. So how this problem be solved? which is authorized to monitor the situation? Under what circumstances is entrusted with the supervision, while supervision of your example, the Constitution, it is a do or a mandate entrusted to supervise supervision? from the constitution in theory, I tend to be authorized to monitor, because the main body of the Constitution it is the people development, it is a governmental concept, some of it is not a real subject. So the constitution drawn up after the need for supervision, then the people can not, as As the legislature is a real body, so it only through the concept of the rule of law, through the process method, where only authorized, can not be commissioned. your body does not exist delegate, delegate the subject is assumed, this problem may be in the the middle of the previous constitutional theory, legal theory in the middle of supervision is not involved, but it is a very small problem, but when you correct for this small problem, you will find that you fully grasp the constitutional theory does not apply . So I think the Constitution ah, it is to develop, is also in detail, and constitutional scholars to be able to continue the development of such law in Beijing under a big voice, but also the details that we can, we can provide a More importantly, the program, enabling other law does not include subject knowledge, and, in turn, we can provide it with guidance. then I think the development of our Constitution certainly have a future.
other details so I will not say, I give another example, the last in China Politics and Law, it is Chinese and Japanese scholars on the registration of title of property law, a seminar, they have to call me to go from a constitutional standpoint, I thought that this how to talk, no property rights because the Constitution the concept of red, ah, how do you pull a hard pull students interpreted this constitutional issues it Right, I was caught I was a problem, Japanese scholars introduced, it has a Private Property Act, but the problem One thing is that we compare in Japan, when the time on land expropriation and requisition, when the National People's Congress of Mo on the River (we call him Mok a, ah, ah I called Professor Mok II), he talked a lot, He said that our entire collection system, particularly among the collection of rural land, how do we not take care of the interests of farmers, we have adequate compensation, the compensation standard is not enough, the farmer's right to ignore, these things are not right, we should establish a rational, proper compensation, to the Japanese in line to the British and American, France, Germany and other countries to follow. I thought there were constitutional issues, from the text point of view, we have the constitutional amendment in 2004 based on the national public interest the need for expropriation and requisition, its two terms, ah, the expropriation of private property is a clause on the expropriation of land is another clause, which is the same system, if so, why write two do it? So it is clear on the expropriation of land can not be fully applicable to the expropriation of private property, we now for the collective ownership of rural land expropriation and requisition, Are we the expropriation of its property rights it? not the case, although our on the nature of the rural collective economy of its collective economic rights, that we are mainly provided by the Village Committee Organization Law, and that is what the law says we now have clear, who the rural collective land ownership is the rural collective economic organizations ? Or that the actual contract land of the villagers, or that the land on the collective decision of the farmers, no. then for the rural collective of villagers, he is that he enjoys the rights of the land is by shares, or joint tenancy? What is his legal right to claim the right to request, is there? no! another one, when the government went to the time of land acquisition, although this land is my contract, it is this collective compensation for the villagers, I have no land, and there may be other people from the village to give you adjust, but also allows you to farm the land, so there is a problem, when the state land when it faces compensation and whom, so we can see that from the constitutional point of view, this land collectively owned by farmers the right to not have all our standard sense of right nature, it can not come into the field of private law, but also by policy factors and guidance, so this question should be clear From the constitutional point of view need to consider this issue.
I do not want to take too much time, but I found that if we really as a serious constitutional scholars, we are thinking to consider the issue of constitutional, then any place can be found very good The constitutional questions. Thank you. (Applause)
Han Dayuan:
the time to grasp a very good, the following statement from the forest to the Vatican teacher.
Lin Vatican:
very happy to come to South Africa attractive, over a year, I think about last year are over, as if no words to talk about. did not do anything because of the recent scholarship, cervical and bad. more pressure today, ah, you see we are all sitting on the stage ah I was the only one not, and they are often on my blog, like the singer (laughter), then the teacher Korea is the country's teacher, the teacher leaves this week is very powerful, I dare not speak the same table with him, because he of this lecture techniques, skills, state is very high, sound self-assured ah, but also with gestures, gestures are also very beautiful (laughter), No commentary on the teacher, but in private, saying that very smooth, with his right (laughter), but only my eloquence is very poor, I feel, because my lecture, some students take it finishing recording notes, recording lectures I used looked bad, there are wrong sentences, incomplete sentences, I criticized the students, how does this sound recording is issued, he said Lin, you mean like this (laughter), then on, I feel, , I like many academics are not the same, I do not have to face the leading cadres to make a speech, sometimes to the place to talk, I feel very bad effect, they regard us as the old scholar, but they are afraid, they say you These laws are out to control us, to control our power, so that people who engage in legal fate is such, then I transfer the battlefield, primarily to students, today I am talking about the main content is so shallow level problem, what is behind the constitutional provisions.
I recently was thinking, what is behind the constitutional provisions. just weeks teacher mentioned, we should be familiar with the provisions of the Constitution, I think this, ah, now in our constitutional scholars continue to form a consensus. we learn of public law, or that studying law in college, learned a few years, the constitutional provisions have never seen, and sometimes do not understand there are several provisions of the Constitution, it is finished.
constitutional provisions familiar, it has to apply constitutional provisions, it is necessary to interpret the provisions of the Constitution, you should explain how to get to? the constitutional provisions related to the back to what such a problem. constitutional provision is clear in front of what we have is a complicated social issues, including the case. But what is behind it? behind constitutional provisions at least two things, one is the norm here is to note that a lot of people as the constitutional provisions for constitutional norms, from the broad sense, is established However, scholars of public international law is now the world fame Robert.Alexy his view, normative statements and normative statements is not the same, only the former constitutional provision, so that the specification is hidden behind the provisions in the constitution. Then there is also behind the constitutional provisions one thing, it is thought. For example, mature constitutional provisions in the international constitutional state, the provisions of their constitution is something behind it, what thoughts? I think first of all you can think of liberal thought, Why? because the Constitution is one of the most important goal is actually to protect the value of human freedom, then there are many constitutional provisions protect the fundamental rights provisions, which are mostly based on the liberal from the development, we can see, such as Locke said earlier, Locke in the its subsequent international constitutionalism significant impact. then the United States Constitution can be said that a written constitution in human history, it has absorbed this thought Locke, but Locke this classification is not directly written to the United States constitutional texts, when not writing, first written
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